Biological monitoring of exposure to solvents using the chemical itself in urine: application to toluene

Ducos, P.; Berode, M.; Francin, J. M.; Arnoux, Christine; Lefèvre, C

doi:10.1007/s00420-007-0210-3

Cited by 30 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…23 The correlation between toluene concentration in the air and the end-of-shift urine sample was excellent as reported by Ducos et al 6 In exposure of workers to 50 ppm of toluene (TLV-TWA), the concentration of the solvent excreted in urine is approximately 75.6 ng mL -1 . 6 Therefore, the carboxen-PDMS fiber is more appropriate for monitoring subjects exposed to low concentrations (LOQ = 12.5 ng mL -1 ). Since exposure of the extracting phase is not made by direct immersion the fiber it may be used for extraction several times (about 150), particularly when using a matrix rich in non-volatile compounds, such as urine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Urinary toluene itself is a more specific biomarker and could be recommended as a biomarker of choice for solvent exposure, 6 but its analysis may be problematic because the very low levels excreted in urine -estimated at about 0.005% of the total amount absorbed. 7,8 The development of an analytical method with adequate sensitivity and reliability to apply in routine biomonitoring of the exposed workers is thus a relevant undertaking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Headspace solid-phase microextraction procedure for gas-chromatography analysis of toluene in urine

Netto¹,

Reis²,

Mendes³

et al. 2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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O tolueno é amplamente usado em aplicações industriais e de laboratório, e está relacionado a problemas de abuso social. O tolueno inalterado em urina é considerado um bioindicador mais específico da exposição ocupacional ao solvente. Entretanto, sua análise apresenta algumas dificuldades de ordem analítica, relacionadas aos baixos valores detectados em urina. Nesta pesquisa foi desenvolvido um método cromatográfico em fase gasosa com detecção por ionização em chama e usando-se a técnica de headspace-microextração em fase sólida em dois diferentes tipos de fibra: polidimetilsiloxana (PDMS) e carboxen-PDMS. Após a otimização das variáveis dos processos de extração, o uso da fibra carboxen-PDMS demonstrou menor limite de quantificação (12,5 ng mL -1 ), melhor eficiência de extração (até 28,1%) e repetibilidade (CV < 4,9%) com relação à de PDMS. O método foi aplicado na análise de tolueno em urina de trabalhadores expostos a baixos teores do solvente em oficinas de reparo de veículos.Toluene is widely used in industrial and laboratory applications and in many countries is related with social problems of abuse. Unaltered urinary toluene was introduced as a bioindicator of occupational exposure to the solvent, but its analysis presents difficulties due to the low levels of the compound excreted in urine. A gas-chromatography/flame ionization method for toluene in urine is described using headspace solid-phase microextraction and establishing the better conditions for two different extracting phases: polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and carboxen-PDMS. The carboxen-PDMS fiber showed lower quantifying limit (12.5 ng mL -1 ), better extraction efficiency (up to 28.1%) and repeatability (CV < 4.9%) than PDMS coating. The method was applied to analysis of toluene in urine of workers from car repair shops exposed to low solvent levels.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Headspace solid-phase microextraction procedure for gas-chromatography analysis of toluene in urine

Netto¹,

Reis²,

Mendes³

et al. 2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…Pada bagian Administrasi konsentrasi berkisar antara 0,0002 -0,0230 ppm dengan rata-rata sebesar 0,0070 -0,0083 ppm. Pengaruh sumber paparan non-occupational, seperti dari rokok dan dari kegiatan seharihari yang berkaitan dengan paparan benzene harus dipertimbangkan, terutama bila dilakukan pengukuran dilakukan pada kasus konsentrasi toksikan rendah (Ducos et al, 2008).…”

Section: Konsentrasi Benzene DI Zona Pernapasanunclassified

Analisis Paparan BTX Terhadap Pekerja Di Pt. Pertamina Ru Iv Cilacap

Indrawan

Oginawati

2014

j.tl

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“…The use was not limited to occupational health where the method was originally developed [1][2][3][4][5][6] , but also in environmental health fields 7,8) . The method has been applied to analysis for un-metabolized mother chemicals 1,[9][10][11][12] as well as for metabolites after proper automated derivatization of metabolites to increase volatility [13][14][15][16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a Holder-vacuum Tube Device to Save On-site Hands in Preparing Urine Samples for Head-space Gas-chromatography, and Its Application to Determine the Time Allowance for Sample Sealing

et al. 2011

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To facilitate urine sample preparation prior to head-space gas-chromatographic (HS-GC) analysis. Urine samples containing one of the five solvents (acetone, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and toluene) at the levels of biological exposure limits were aspirated into a vacuum tube via holder, a device commercially available for venous blood collection (the vacuum tube method). The urine sample, 5 ml, was quantitatively transferred to a 20-ml head-space vial prior to HS-GC analysis. The loaded tubes were stored at +4°C in dark for up to 3 d. The vacuum tube method facilitated on-site procedures of urine sample preparation for HS-GC with no significant loss of solvents in the sample and no need of skilled hands, whereas on-site sample preparation time was significantly reduced. Furthermore, no loss of solvents was detected during the 3-d storage, irrespective of hydrophilic (acetone) or lipophilic solvent (toluene). In a pilot application, high performance of the vacuum tube method in sealing a sample in an air-tight space succeeded to confirm that no solvent will be lost when sealing is completed within 5 min after urine voiding, and that the allowance time is as long as 30 min in case of toluene in urine. The use of the holder-vacuum tube device not only saves hands for transfer of the sample to air-tight space, but facilitates sample storage prior to HS-GC analysis.

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Biological monitoring of exposure to solvents using the chemical itself in urine: application to toluene

Abstract: Urinary toluene was shown once more time a very interesting surrogate to o-cresol and could be recommended as a biomarker of choice for solvent exposure.

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

Headspace solid-phase microextraction procedure for gas-chromatography analysis of toluene in urine

Headspace solid-phase microextraction procedure for gas-chromatography analysis of toluene in urine

Analisis Paparan BTX Terhadap Pekerja Di Pt. Pertamina Ru Iv Cilacap

Use of a Holder-vacuum Tube Device to Save On-site Hands in Preparing Urine Samples for Head-space Gas-chromatography, and Its Application to Determine the Time Allowance for Sample Sealing

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