Biological responses of ultrafine grained pure titanium and their sand blasted surfaces

Bulutsuz, Aslı Günay; Berrak, Özge; Yeprem, H. Aygül; Arısan, Elif Damla; Yurci, Mehmet Emin

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.056

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Titanium ECAP is also quite different from other materials because of titanium has deformation twinning besides slip of grains 4 . ECAP is a versatile technique that enable manufacturing UFG material with prior mechanical properties 5 . As it is known, during the ECAP the material geometry is not changing which enable repetitive pressing of same specimen with different routes 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Process Parameters of Equal Angular Channel Pressing According to the Measurement Results of Microstructural Homogeneity

2018

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The aim of the present work is to discuss process parameters effect on microstructure evolution and formation mechanism of ultrafine grains. As plastic deformation technique Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) method used pure Ti G4 rods processed in order to obtain fine grained micro structure. Equal Chanel Angular Pressing technique was conducted at different processing route, process temperature, pressing velocity with an orthogonal design to critically evaluate the significance of these process parameters with their different levels. The microstructure was observed with optical and electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) microscope. The mechanical properties were tested with tensile, hardness tests and phase is controlled with XRD analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Process Parameters of Equal Angular Channel Pressing According to the Measurement Results of Microstructural Homogeneity

2018

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“…Specimens were prepared with an electro-discharge machine in a dog bone shape with 6 Â 1.5 Â 22 mm (wide, thickness, and length) similar to the previous papers. [25,26] Three repetitive tests were performed at a room temperature at 0.01 s À1 with a Zwick Roell with a capacity of 25 tones tensile testing machine. Tensile test specimens were taken from the midsection of each specimen and parallel to incremental pressing direction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Assisted Incremental Equal Angular Channel Pressing Process of AA 6063

Bulutsuz

2020

Adv Eng Mater

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Recent technological developments need lightweight materials with high mechanical properties, especially in energy, automotive, and aerospace industries. [1,2] New chemical compositions have been developed with the increased demand for Al and their alloys. Moreover, to increase their mechanical properties, thermomechanical processes, such as extrusion, upsetting, and wire drawing, have widely been used for industrial applications of Al and its alloys. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is one of the thermomechanical processes, which increases dislocation density. This increase results in finer grain sizes and increased mechanical properties, which render SPD techniques an attractive method. [3,4] Conventional methods, such as extrusion or upset forging, are able to deform, generally, external parts of materials. However, SPD methods, such as equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), can produce more homogenous strain distribution along the cross section of the material due to homogenous severe deformation. SPD methods are capable of doubling the mechanical strength while manufacturing ultrafine grain structures with mean grain sizes smaller than 400 nm. [4-6] Despite improved material properties' results of SPD techniques, most of them are still being used at the laboratory scale due to their manufacturing costs and usage difficulties. Materials size and length are the usage difficulties, which is generally restricted by die sizes. According to the literature, the ECAP is more convenient for producing longer specimens than other SPD methods for producing longer size ultrafine-grained materials. [7,8] However, this technique restricts the specimen length with its die size and plunger length, which is a significant limitation. High friction rate between the die walls and the specimen is another restriction for specimen size. Movable side walls during ECAP are developed as a solution to friction. However, the specimen length is limited to the die size. [9] Conform methods adapt continuous material feeding to SPD processes, which allow manufacturing fine-grained longer products. The conform SPD application was developed by Raab et al. in 2004 [10] for deformation of pure Al with ECAP. Various materials were used in conform methods, such as Ti G4, [11] TiNi, [12] Al6061, [13] and Al6101. [14] The most significant limitation of this method is the high friction rate between die and material. Especially, materials with low melting temperatures are effected from friction heat and result with a grain recovery that also decreases process efficiency. In the incremental ECAP (I-ECAP) process, which was first described in 2007, the material is fed step by step, and a punch deforms material between these steps; there are two separated synchronous movements of punch (deformation) and feeding system. [15] Thus, there is not a load on the specimen during feeding, which also eliminates high friction rates between die and specimen in contrast with traditional ECAP. Because of the continuous feeding of materials in the I-ECAP method, the ...

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“…[47] The approach to modifying UFG/nano Ti surface topography by mechanical or chemical treatments has developed in recent years simultaneously with the optimization of grain refinement techniques. Mechanical surface treatment of UFG/nano Ti is usually performed by sandblasting with Al 2 O 3 [88,89] or TiO 2 [90] particles or by grit blasting with corundum particles. [12,91,92] Grit or sandblasting produce surface roughening at the microscale, [47] but usually produces irregular surface topography and hard-to-remove residual ceramic particles.…”

Section: Chemical and Mechanical Treatments-typical Approach To Surfamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11] Nevertheless, non-numerous residual particles do not impact biocompatibility according to research conducted in vitro on nano Ti after sandblasting with TiO 2 . [90] However, in vivo conditions are far more complex and clinical evaluation shows that implant cleanliness is an essential factor in the initial healing process. It was found that impurities introduced during manufacturing or mechanical processing may trigger a cascade of unfavorable molecular and cellular reactions, leading to bone resorption around the implant which may finally cause loosening.…”

Section: Chemical and Mechanical Treatments-typical Approach To Surfamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Bulk Titanium with Enhanced Properties—Strategies and Prospects for Dental Applications

Sotniczuk

Garbacz

2021

Adv Eng Mater

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Society is aging fast. The percentage of people aged above 65 years is forecast to rise from 12.4% (in 2000) to 23% by 2100. [1] The figures for 2030 for Europe and the United States are %20% and 30% respectively. [2] At present, almost 23% of US citizens over 65 are completely edentulous, creating great demand for dental replacements. [3] According to the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) forecast, the global dental market is expected to exceed $8 billion by the end of 2024, up from $4.46 billion in 2016. [1] Moreover, with rising life expectancy, modern implants have to serve much longer without requiring revision surgery. This is challenging, especially in the case of elderly people, who tend to suffer diseases that increase the risk of implant rejection. [2] Thus, advanced healthcare requires constant development in the design and fabrication of dental materials. Currently, commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) is a leading metallic material in the global dental replacements market. [4] This is mainly due to its biocompatibility and high resistance to corrosion in body fluids. Those properties are governed by the presence of a passive layer on Ti surface, created by its strong tendency to oxidize. [5] Nanostructuring by large plastic deformation techniques is a promising approach to altering Ti properties that are essential for dental applications. [1,[6][7][8][9][10] While clinical trials have confirmed the successful application of dental implants fabricated from nanocrystalline Ti, [4,9] works are still ongoing to develop strategies aimed at enhancing biological response and antibacterial properties without impacting mechanical properties. [11][12][13][14] In this Review, we describe recent approaches taken to modify the properties of nanocrystalline Ti for biomedical applications. Our study focuses on the following aspects: (i) improving biomedical nano Ti properties through bulk and surface modifications, and (ii) the effect of microstructural changes induced by processing of nano Ti on the results of modifications. This analysis is prefaced by a brief description of the effect of nanostructure on Ti mechanical and functional properties.

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Biological responses of ultrafine grained pure titanium and their sand blasted surfaces

Cited by 31 publications

References 37 publications

Optimization Process Parameters of Equal Angular Channel Pressing According to the Measurement Results of Microstructural Homogeneity

Optimization Process Parameters of Equal Angular Channel Pressing According to the Measurement Results of Microstructural Homogeneity

Ultrasonic Assisted Incremental Equal Angular Channel Pressing Process of AA 6063

Nanostructured Bulk Titanium with Enhanced Properties—Strategies and Prospects for Dental Applications

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