Biological weighting of ultraviolet (280-400 nm) induced mortality in marine zooplankton and fish. I. Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) eggs

Kouwenberg, J. H. M.; Browman, Howard I.; Cullen, John J.; Davis, Richard F.; St-Pierre, Jean-François; Runge, Jeffrey A.

doi:10.1007/s002270050545

Cited by 109 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…4). This result is consistent with that reported from higher spectral resolution experiments on UV-induced mortality in cod eggs: there was no clear negative effect of UV-A (see below and Kouwenberg et al 1999a). As was the case for Calanus finmarchicus, further experiments on the effects of UV-A and visible light-both in inducing mortality and with respect to the balance between photodamage and photorepair-are required to resolve these issues.…”

Section: Outdoor Exposure Experimentssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This approximated the irradiance delivered to the Earth's surface outside the MLI during a sunny summer's day (429 _+ 164 W m-'-this is a mean of 3 measurements made at 10:00, 12:OO and 15:00 h on the same day). However, as compared to sunlight, the spectral irradiance delivered by the SS was higher in the UV-B region and lower in the visible waveband (400 to 700 nm, Kouwenberg et al 1999a, their Fig. 1).…”

Section: Outdoor Exposure Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Filled symbols denote treatments that received radiation in the UV-B+W-A+visible wavebands with observations on several other species (Marinaro & Bernard 1966, Pommeranz 1974, Hunter et al 1982, although these earlier studies do not provide the same spectral resolution. There was also evidence suggesting the presence of photorepair mechanisms in cod eggs (Kouwenberg et al 1999a). …”

Section: Outdoor Exposure Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Full details of the optical characteristics of this SS are available in Kouwenberg et al (1999a).…”

Section: Outdoor Exposure Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The filters used were Schott WG280, WG295, WG305, WG312, WG335, WG360 and GG400, for which the 50% cut-off wavelength (nm) is approximately that specified. Spectral transmission curves for the filters used are reported in Kouwenberg et al (1999a, their Fig. 2).…”

Section: Outdoor Exposure Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of ultraviolet radiation on marine crustacean zooplankton and ichthyoplankton:a synthesis of results from the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada

Browman¹,

Rodriguez²,

Béland³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The objectives of the research program reported upon here were (1) to measure ambient levels of UV radiation and determine whichvariables most strongly affected its attenuation in the waters of the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada; and (2) to investigate the potential direct impacts of W radiation on species of crustacean zooplankton and fish whose early life stages are planktonic. In this geographic region, productivity-determining biophysical interactions occur in the upper 0 to 30 m of the water column. Measurements of the diffuse attenuation coefficients for ultraviolet-B radiation ( W -B , 280 to 320 nm) at various locations in this region indicated maximum 10% depths (the depth to which 10% of the surface energy penetrates at a given wavelength) of 3 to 4 m at a wavelength of 310 nm. Organisms residing in this layer-including the eggs and larvae of Calanus finmarchicus and Atlantic cod Gadus morhua-are exposed to biologically damaging levels of W radiation. As a result of these physical and biological characteristics, this system offered a relevant opportunity to assess the impacts of UV on subarctic marine ecosystems. Eggs of C. finmarchicus were incubated under the sun, with and without the W -B and/or UV-A (320 to 400 nm) wavebands. W-exposed eggs exhibited low percent hatchmg compared to those protected from W : W radiation had a strong negative impact on C. finmarchicus eggs. Further, percent hatching in W-B-exposed eggs was not significantly lower than that in eggs exposed to UV-A only: under natural sunlight, UV-A radiation appeared to be more detrimental to C. finmarchicus embryos than was UV-B. In analogous experiments with Atlantic cod eggs, exposure to UV-B produced a significant negative effect. However, UV-A had no negative effect on cod eggs. Additional experiments using a solar simulator (SS) revealed high wavelength-dependent mortality in both C. finmarchicus and cod embryos exposed to UV. The strongest effects occurred under exposures to wavelengths below 312 nm. At the shorter wavelengths (<305 nm) UV-B-induced mortality was strongly dose-dependent, but (for both C. finmarchicus and cod) not significantly influenced by dose-rate. Thus, at least within the limits of the exposures under which the biological weighting functions (BWFs) were generated, reciprocity held. The BWFs derived for UV-B-induced mortality in C. finmarchicus and cod eggs were similar in shape to the action spectrum for UV-B effects on naked DNA. Further, the wavelengthdependence of DNA damage was similar to that for the mortality effect. These observations suggest that W-induced mortality in C. finmarchicus and cod eggs is a direct result of DNA damage. There was no evidence of a detrimental effect of UV-A radiation in these SS-derived results. A mathematical model that includes the BWFs, vertical mixing of eggs, meteorological and hydrographic conditions, and ozone depletion, indicates that W-induced mortality in the C. finmarchicus egg population could be as high as 32.5 %, while the impact on the co...

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Section: Outdoor Exposure Experimentssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Outdoor Exposure Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Outdoor Exposure Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Full details of the optical characteristics of this SS are available in Kouwenberg et al (1999a).…”

Section: Outdoor Exposure Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Outdoor Exposure Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Impact of ultraviolet radiation on marine crustacean zooplankton and ichthyoplankton:a synthesis of results from the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada

Browman¹,

Rodriguez²,

Béland³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The Effect and Mechanism of UV Disinfection on the Inactivation of a Planktonic Freshwater Copepods (Limnoithona sinensis)

Lin

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2013

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Research ArticleThe Effect and Mechanism of UV Disinfection on the Inactivation of a Planktonic Freshwater Copepods (Limnoithona sinensis)Bench-scale experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of UV radiation (UVR) on Limnoithona sinensis (Copepoda, Crustacea). Results showed that water depth, wavelength, and irradiation time significantly reduced the swimming activity of L. sinensis. The inactivation rate increased with irradiation time, and there was an inverse relation between inactivation rate and water depth. Positive phototaxis was observed in copepods exposed to visible light with wavelengths of 480 or 500 nm, which caused a substantial increase in the inactivation rate when UVR was combined with visible light. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the skin of L. sinensis inactivated by UVR appeared dry and wrinkled, which was possibly due to induction of osmotic changes across cell membranes. As indicated by threedimensional fluorescence spectra showing leakage of protoplasm to the external environment.

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UV Effects on Living Organisms

Weihs

Schmalwieser

Schauberger

2012

Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology

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Biological weighting of ultraviolet (280-400 nm) induced mortality in marine zooplankton and fish. I. Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) eggs

Cited by 109 publications

References 52 publications

Impact of ultraviolet radiation on marine crustacean zooplankton and ichthyoplankton:a synthesis of results from the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada

Impact of ultraviolet radiation on marine crustacean zooplankton and ichthyoplankton:a synthesis of results from the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada

The Effect and Mechanism of UV Disinfection on the Inactivation of a Planktonic Freshwater Copepods (Limnoithona sinensis)

UV Effects on Living Organisms

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