Biologically active carbon filtration for haloacetic acid removal from swimming pool water

Tang, Hao; Xie, Yuefeng F.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.059

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The level of a carbonaceous DBP in chlorinated outdoor swimming pool water was investigated by Tang and Xie. 43 It was reported that at low contact time, residual chlorine was present in the swimming pool water. It is expected that if a further analysis was conducted, there could be a possible formation of nitrosamines either as intermediates or final products.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Ndmamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Occurrence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Swimming Pools: An Overview

Mustapha

Jimoh

Ndamitso

et al. 2021

Environ�Health�Insights

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The occurrence of several disinfectant byproducts has been investigated in swimming pools. Until now, there are only a few studies on nitrosamine, particularly N-nitrosodimethylamine in swimming pool water. This could be due to the lack of a suitable method that is sensitive enough for the measurement of N-nitrosodimethylamine in pool waters. Other disinfectant byproducts formed in pool water widely documented are trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, halonitromethanes, and chloramines but inadequate information on N-nitrosodimethylamine. This paper provides a review of the nitrogenous disinfectant byproduct in swimming pools and its health implications. Anthropogenic substances introduced by swimmers such as sweat, lotions, and urine contribute to the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine. The reaction of secondary amines such as dimethylamine with mono/dichloroamines produced dimethyl hydrazine and further undergo oxidation to form N-nitrosodimethylamine. The reaction of chlorine and other disinfectants with these anthropogenic sources in swimming pools cause cancer and asthma in human tissues. Thus, the assessment of N-nitrosodimethylamine in the swimming pool is less well documented. Therefore, the health consequences, mutagenic, and genotoxic potentials of N-nitrosodimethylamine should be the focus of more research studies.

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Section: Occurrence Of Ndmamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Occurrence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Swimming Pools: An Overview

Mustapha

Jimoh

Ndamitso

et al. 2021

Environ�Health�Insights

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“…Therefore, the disinfectant active doses are often poorly quantified, and “classic” chemicals generally may show a very irregular efficiency in spa pools. The type, form and use of each disinfectant need to be chosen with respect to the specific requirements of the pool [68,71,72,73,74]. Pool size itself may represent a critical parameter [22,25].…”

Section: The Question About “Identity” and “Untouchability” Of Spamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlorine is inexpensive and relatively convenient to produce, store, transport, and apply. It provides rapid and long-lasting bactericidal effects but is limited mainly because of the formation of potentially toxic DBPs, such as trihalomethanes, halomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids, halonitromethanes, haloacetonitriles, chloramines, and chlorophenols [22,25,65,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80]. For example, the levels of potentially toxic DBPs tend to be higher in hot tubs, due to recirculation and smaller volumes but also because acceptable thresholds tend to be more elevated than in swimming pools [73,74,75].…”

Section: The Question About “Identity” and “Untouchability” Of Spamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recreational Use of Spa Thermal Waters: Criticisms and Perspectives for Innovative Treatments

Valeriani

Margarucci

Spica

2018

IJERPH

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Natural spa springs are diffused all over the world and their use in pools is known since ancient times. This review underlines the cultural and social spa context focusing on hygiene issues, public health guidelines and emerging concerns regarding water management in wellness or recreational settings. The question of the “untouchability” of therapeutic natural waters and their incompatibility with traditional disinfection processes is addressed considering the demand for effective treatments that would respect the natural properties. Available strategies and innovative treatments are reviewed, highlighting potentials and limits for a sustainable management. Alternative approaches comprise nanotechnologies, photocatalysis systems, advanced filtration. State of the art and promising perspectives are reported considering the chemical-physical component and the biological natural complexity of the spa water microbiota.

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“…Therefore, the disinfectant active doses are often poorly quantified, and "classic" chemicals generally may show a very irregular efficiency in spa pools. The type, form and use of each disinfectant need to be chosen with respect to the specific requirements of the pool [68,[71][72][73][74]. Pool size itself may represent a critical parameter [22,25].…”

Section: The Question About "Identity" and "Untouchability" Of Spa Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 lists the several types of disinfecting agents and their advantages and limits of use in swimming pools as well as their applications in spa pools. Chlorine is inexpensive and relatively convenient to produce, store, transport, and apply; It provides rapid and long-lasting bactericidal effects but is limited mainly because of the formation of potentially toxic DBPs, such as trihalomethanes, halomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids, halonitromethanes, haloacetonitriles, chloramines, and chlorophenols [22,25,64,[71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79]. For example, the levels of potentially toxic DBPs tend to be higher in hot tubs, due to recirculation and smaller volumes but also because acceptable thresholds tend to be more elevated than in swimming pools [72][73][74].…”

Section: The Question About "Identity" and "Untouchability" Of Spa Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recreational Use of SPA Thermal Waters: Criticisms and Perspectives for Innovative Treatments

Valeriani¹,

Margarucci²,

Spica³

2018

Preprint

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Natural spa springs are diffused all over the world and their use in pools is known since ancient times. This review underlines the cultural and social spa context focusing on hygiene issues, public health guidelines and emerging concerns regarding water management in wellness or recreational settings. The question of the "untouchability" of therapeutic natural waters and their incompatibility with traditional disinfection processes is addressed considering the demand for effective treatments that would respect the natural properties. Available strategies and innovative treatments are reviewed, highlighting potentials and limits for a sustainable management. Alternative approaches comprise nanotechnologies, photocatalysis systems, advanced filtration. State of the art and promising perspectives are reported considering the chemical-physical component and the biological natural complexity of the spa water microbiota.

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Biologically active carbon filtration for haloacetic acid removal from swimming pool water

Cited by 35 publications

References 43 publications

The Occurrence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Swimming Pools: An Overview

The Occurrence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Swimming Pools: An Overview

Recreational Use of Spa Thermal Waters: Criticisms and Perspectives for Innovative Treatments

Recreational Use of SPA Thermal Waters: Criticisms and Perspectives for Innovative Treatments

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