Biology and therapy of multiple myeloma

Joshua, Douglas; Bryant, Christian; Dix, Caroline; Gibson, John; Ho, Joy

doi:10.5694/mja2.50129

Cited by 98 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Surprisingly, the expression of fully functional proteins typical of the HPT axis and in particular of the TSH and TRH receptors has been found in human skin and in HFs [ 27 ]. Receptors for TSH and TRH in the skin induce the expression of skin-specific genes [ 28 ] and thus regulate epidermal physiology, adding a mechanistic explanation of the correlation between the altered TH status and the most common dermatology diseases [ 29 ].…”

Section: Thyroid Hormone Action and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormone action in epidermal development and homeostasis and its implications in the pathophysiology of the skin

Mancino

Miro

Cicco

et al. 2021

J Endocrinol Invest

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Thyroid hormones (THs) are key endocrine regulators of tissue development and homeostasis. They are constantly released into the bloodstream and help to regulate many cell functions. The principal products released by the follicular epithelial cells are T3 and T4. T4, which is the less active form of TH, is produced in greater amounts than T3, which is the most active form of TH. This mechanism highlights the importance of the peripheral regulation of TH levels that goes beyond the central axis. Skin, muscle, liver, bone and heart are finely regulated by TH. In particular, skin is among the target organs most influenced by TH, which is essential for skin homeostasis. Accordingly, skin diseases are associated with an altered thyroid status. Alopecia, dermatitis and vitiligo are associated with thyroiditis and alopecia and eczema are frequently correlated with the Graves’ disease. However, only in recent decades have studies started to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of TH in epidermal homeostasis. Herein, we summarize the most frequent clinical epidermal alterations linked to thyroid diseases and review the principal mechanisms involved in TH control of keratinocyte proliferation and functional differentiation. Our aim is to define the open questions in this field that are beginning to be elucidated thanks to the advent of mouse models of altered TH metabolism and to obtain novel insights into the physiopathological consequences of TH metabolism on the skin.

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Section: Thyroid Hormone Action and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormone action in epidermal development and homeostasis and its implications in the pathophysiology of the skin

Mancino

Miro

Cicco

et al. 2021

J Endocrinol Invest

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“…Therefore, early diagnosis of MM is of great significance to improve the prognosis. Due to the different experience of different doctors, the master scale of diagnostic criteria and diagnosis and treatment level are not the same and the clinical misdiagnosis rate is high [6]. In our study, the results showed that 81.9% MM patients had more than 10% of plasma cells, while only 64.5% than that detected by flow cytometry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Comparison of Cell Morphology and Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma

Lu¹,

Li²,

Huang³

et al. 2020

JCT

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Objective: To investigate the value of cell morphology and flow cytometry in the diagnosis of Multiple myeloma (MM). Methods: 166 newly diagnosed MM patients were retrospectively analyzed, and the proportion of plasma cells detected by flow cytometry and cell morphology in these patients was statistically analyzed. Results: All patients were divided into three groups according to the proportion of plasma cells detected by cell morphology: group A (≥30%), group B (≥10% and <30%), and group C (<10%). 1) In all patients and group A, B and C, the proportion of plasma cells detected by cell morphology was all correlated with that detected by flow cytometry. 2) The proportion of plasma cells detected by cell morphology in group A and group B was higher than that by flow cytometry, while there was no significant difference in group C. 3) The sensitivity of plasma cells detected by flow cytometry in group A, B and C was 88.7%, 51.2% and 10%, respectively. 4) According to the immunophenotypic analysis, the immunophenotypic characteristics were similar, all of them were CDl9 − CD38 + CDl38 + CD56 +/− CD45dim ~ −. Conclusion: There is a certain correlation between the two detection methods. The quantitative detection of myeloma cells by cell morphology is better, and the qualitative detection by flow cytometry is better. Combined with the two detection methods, the detection rate of multiple myeloma can be significantly improved.

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“…Pericardial effusion is a rare manifestation of metastatic extramedullary multiple myeloma . Less than 1% of all multiple myeloma cases present with cardiac involvement, and presentation of cardiac tamponade is even rarer .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of plasma cells originating from the bone marrow, which constitutes 10% of all haematological cancers . Extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma occurs 6–20% of the time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac tamponade in multiple myeloma – A pictorial case review of FDG PET/CT findings

et al. 2019

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Summary Pericardial involvement of multiple myeloma is a rare and late‐stage complication, with only a few cases reported in the literature. PET/CT has demonstrated a growing role in the diagnosis and follow‐up of patients with multiple myeloma. We present a case of pericardial multiple myeloma in a patient with relapsed/refractory disease, showcasing previously unpublished FDG PET/CT findings.

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Biology and therapy of multiple myeloma

Cited by 98 publications

References 66 publications

Thyroid hormone action in epidermal development and homeostasis and its implications in the pathophysiology of the skin

Thyroid hormone action in epidermal development and homeostasis and its implications in the pathophysiology of the skin

Comparison of Cell Morphology and Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma

Cardiac tamponade in multiple myeloma – A pictorial case review of FDG PET/CT findings

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