Biology, propagation and utilization of elite coconut varieties (makapuno and aromatics)

Abstract

Coconut farming is not only a vital agricultural industry for all tropical countries possessing humid coasts and lowlands, but is also a robust income provider for millions of smallholder farmers worldwide. However, due to its longevity, the security of production of this crop suffers significantly from episodes of natural disasters, including cyclone and tsunami, devastating pest and disease outbreaks, while also affected by price competition for the principal products, especially the oil. In order to reduce these pressures, high-value coconut varieties (makapuno and aromatics) have been introduced in some regions, on a limited scale, but with positive outcomes. Even though these two varieties produce fruit with delicious solid or flavoursome liquid endosperm, their distinct biochemical and cellular features unfortunately prevent their in situ germination. In fact, embryo rescue and culture have been developed historically to nurture the embryo under in vitro conditions, enabling effective propagation. In an attempt to provide a comprehensive review featuring these elite coconut varieties, this paper firstly introduces their food values and nutritional qualities, and then discusses the present knowledge of their biology and genetics. Further possibilities for coconut in general are also highlighted, through the use of advanced tissue culture techniques and efficient seedling management for sustainable production of these highly distinct and commercially attractive varieties of coconut.

The role of coconut plants in relation to disaster management in the tropical coastal regions

“…Besides their root, the strength of their them to stand firmly when hit by the storm/tsunami attacks. From considerable evidence, especially from video , the coconut trees has proven that they were very strong to face the strong winds, big waves and tsunami attacks particularly taking place in the tropical coastal regions, although the impacts of the attacks may have resulted in devastating pest and disease outbreaks of the coconut trees [3]. Possibly, the initial plan of the coconut trees' installations could not aim to test their strength.…”

“…Besides their root, the strength of their them to stand firmly when hit by the oconut trees in edia in emergency y medium for safety our immediately required since the attacks are very n the coast are very wide, whilst we need enough time to run in finding a safe place. If we are bathing or swimming near the shoreline, of the coconut trees as an emergency rescue in facing big can be divided into ithstand lly from video , the coconut trees has proven that they , and tsunami attacks particularly taking place in the tropical coastal regions, although the impacts of the attacks may have resulted in devastating pest and disease outbreaks of the coconut trees [3]. Possibly, the initial llations could not aim to test their strength.…”

“…Moreover, Quang Thien Nguyen, et.al. [3] state that "coconut farming is not only a vital agricultural industry for all tropical countries that possesses humid coasts and lowlands, but is also a robust income provider for millions of smallholder farmers worldwide. "…”

Effect of application edible coating on the quality of kopyor coconut meat during storage

“…Then kopyor coconut flesh packed in Polyamide (PA) plastic, with dimensions of length 14x20 cm and thickness of 150 m, can maintain organoleptic quality and suppress microbial growth for up to 27 days at 5°C storage [6]. Cold storage and packaging methods have been widely used to ship to long-distance markets such as Europe and the United States [7].…”

Bacterial Cellulose-Based Biofilm Forming Agent Extracted from Vietnamese Nata-de-Coco Tree by Ultrasonic Vibration Method: Structure and Properties

“…is method can meet the requirements of natural structure preservation, low cost, eco-friendliness [35][36][37]. BC existing in nata-de-coco, a famous fermented product of coconut water using Acetobacter in South Vietnam, is a type of cellulose and has been used to prepare bio-composites [38][39][40]. Hasanin et al conducted in situ synthesis studies of nanobioactive BC/ NBG (nanobioactive glass) compounds by a new and simple method [41]; they prepared environmentally friendly cryogels using natural polymers such as hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and bacterial cells (BC) [42].…”