Biomarkers of Inflammation in Exotic Pets

Cray, Carolyn

doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2013.08.003

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…At the onset of stress, a cascade of events was reported to bring back homeostasis. The release of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Tumour necrosis factoralpha and interleukin 1 & 6) leads to increased production of acute phase proteins (APPs) by the liver to reduce inflammation and repair damaged cells (Cray 2013). In rabbits, the changes in plasma APPs indicates an increase in systemic inflammation (Green 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic acute-phase response, antioxidant biomarkers and DNA fragmentation of two rabbit breeds subjected to acute heat stress

Madkour

Aboelenin

Younis

et al. 2020

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic acute-phase response, antioxidant biomarkers and DNA fragmentation of two rabbit breeds subjected to acute heat stress

Madkour

Aboelenin

Younis

et al. 2020

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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“…For analysis and reference throughout the study, laboratory “markers of inflammation” were heterophils, monocytes, FIB, and globulins; biochemical markers of renal disease were BUN, creatinine, and phosphorus; and biochemical markers of hepatic disease were ALT, ALP, GGT, and total bilirubin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia as biochemical markers of disease in companion rabbits

SHARMA

Hill

Christopher

2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Background: Inflammation has important effects on lipid metabolism, but the relationship between hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and disease remains unknown in rabbits. While rabbits are sensitive to dietary hypercholesterolemia, the etiology of hyperlipidemia when fed non-atherogenic diets is uncertain. Objectives:This study aimed to determine the association between hypercholesterolemia and patient characteristics, diseases, and select CBC and biochemistry analytes in rabbits, and to measure plasma lipoprotein lipid fractions in rabbits with inflammatory and other diseases. Methods:Complete blood count and plasma biochemistry data, including total cholesterol concentrations, were evaluated in 531 companion rabbits. Lipoprotein cholesterol fractions (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [non-HDLc] and highdensity lipoprotein [HDLc]) and triglycerides were measured using a colorimetric enzymatic assay in archived plasma from a subset of 267 rabbits. Rabbits were categorized by age, sex, spay/neuter status, breed, diet status (fed atherogenic dietary components or not), the organ system affected by disease, and the pathologic process.Results: Cholesterol was associated with fibrinogen (P = 0.01), globulins (P < 0.01), and heterophil (P < 0.01) concentrations. Adjusting for diet, rabbits with severe infection or sepsis (odds ratio [OR] = 13.25, 95% CI = 5.83-30.12), renal failure (OR = 14.42, 95% CI = 5.69-36.54), and hepatopathy (OR = 8.55, 95% CI = 3.55-20.62) had increased risks of hypercholesterolemia. Increased non-HDLc and triglyceride concentrations were also associated with these three disease states (P < 0.05). Conclusions:Hyperlipidemia is associated with biochemical and CBC markers of inflammation, and with severe infection or sepsis, renal failure, and hepatopathy. Independent of diet, increased cholesterol, non-HDLc, and triglycerides are indicators of disease in companion rabbits. K E Y W O R D Shepatopathy, hyperlipidemia, lipoprotein, renal failure, sepsis

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“…9 Serum amyloid A (SAA) has been a focus of many studies of domesticated and non-domesticated species in which it is generally defined as a major APP. 2,7,9 The specificity and sensitivity of SAA and other APPs for the detection of inflammation have been demonstrated to be superior to other measures including total white blood cell (WBC) count, total neutrophil count, fibrinogen, and the albumin-to-globulin (A/G) ratio. 2,4,6,20 White-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) are medium-sized members of the Cervidae family and are common throughout North, Central, and South America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum amyloid A and plasma protein electrophoresis fractions in farmed white-tailed deer

Cray

Knibb

2019

J VET Diagn Invest

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Tools to measure the acute-phase response have been utilized widely in veterinary medicine. Evaluation by plasma protein electrophoresis (PPEP) has become an increasingly common assay in veterinary clinical pathology. Commercial reagents for serum amyloid A (SAA) have been validated for use in a variety of wildlife species. We analyzed samples from 29 healthy fawns and 60 healthy adult farmed white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) using an automated assay for SAA and a semi-automated method for PPEP. The robust statistical method for reference interval generation was used. SAA levels in fawns (0.1-26 mg/L) were found to be significantly higher than those in adults (0.1-5 mg/L, p < 0.01). The mean total protein was significantly lower in fawns (48 ± 10 g/L, p < 0.01) than in adults (73 ±5 g/L). The albumin-to-globulin ratio was also lower in fawns (0.56 ± 0.14) than in adults (1.25 ± 0.19, p < 0.01). Changes in SAA levels were observed in a variety of clinically abnormal animals. The combined use of the automated and semi-automated assays in our study may provide an additional valuable assessment tool in the care of captive WTD populations, for research studies, and for monitoring free-ranging animals.

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Biomarkers of Inflammation in Exotic Pets

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Hepatic acute-phase response, antioxidant biomarkers and DNA fragmentation of two rabbit breeds subjected to acute heat stress

Hepatic acute-phase response, antioxidant biomarkers and DNA fragmentation of two rabbit breeds subjected to acute heat stress

Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia as biochemical markers of disease in companion rabbits

Serum amyloid A and plasma protein electrophoresis fractions in farmed white-tailed deer

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