Biomass Carbon Ratio of Biomass Chemicals Measured by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

Funabashi, Masahiro; Ninomiya, Fumi; Kunioka, Masao; Ohara, Keiichi

doi:10.1246/bcsj.82.1538

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The measurement procedure has already been reported in our previous studies [11,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Samples prepared for 14 C analysis were combusted to CO 2 and then reduced to graphite for use in the AMS ion source.…”

Section: Measurement Of Biobased Carbon Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate) Composites Reinforced by Cotton Fiber with Silane Coupling Agent

et al. 2013

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In this study, the use of cotton fiber (CF) as a filler in poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and the effect of silane treatment on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and biodegradability of PBS/CF composites are investigated. The results showed that the tensile strength of PBS was improved (15%–78%) with the incorporation of CF (10–40 wt%) and was further increased (25%–118%) when CF was treated with a silane coupling agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of the fracture surfaces of PBS/CF composites showed that there was slight improvement in fiber-matrix compatibility. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis showed that the thermal stability of the composites was lower than that of neat PBS and decreased with increasing filler loading. The biobased carbon content of the composites increased with increasing CF content. The incorporation of CF (with and without silane treatment) in PBS significantly increased the biodegradation rate of the composites

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Section: Measurement Of Biobased Carbon Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate) Composites Reinforced by Cotton Fiber with Silane Coupling Agent

et al. 2013

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“…The pMC value of fossil-based carbon is 0%. The biobased carbon content for plastic products can be calculated by dividing the pMC value of the sample material by 1.04, on the basis of CEN/TS 16137, or by multiplying the pMC value by 0.95, on the basis of ASTM D6866-12 [14][15][16][17]. Some problems are associated with using the ISO 16620 series for rubber products.…”

Section: Biobased Mass Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobased Contents of Natural Rubber Model Compound and Its Separated Constituents

et al. 2014

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Production of rubber products with biobased constituents from biomass resources is desirable for conserving our planet's limited resources and preventing global warming. Herein, a natural rubber model compound was produced to determine the biobased contents as per various indices for calculating the amount of biomass resources used in rubber products. The biobased mass and biobased carbon contents of the natural rubber model compound were 38.7% and 39.2%, respectively, which were calculated from the feed amounts of the constituents as per the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/the draft of International Standard (DIS) 16620-2 and 16620-4. The model compound was separated into its constituents such as polymer, additive, carbon black, and zinc oxide using ISO 1407, 4650, 7720-2, and 9924-3. The biobased carbon content of this model compound was 37.6%, calculated from the percent of modern carbon (pMC), which was measured directly using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The calculated values for this model compound agreed with those calculated from the feed amounts of the constituents. Thus, it was confirmed that these calculation and determination methods of the biobased mass and the biobased carbon contents for rubber products should be published as new ISO international standards after a discussion at technical committee 45, "rubber and rubber products" to evaluate rubber products with larger biobased contents of natural rubber and other biobased ingredients. OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2014, 6 424

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“…We have investigated the suitability of this method for evaluating the biobased content of silicon containing chemicals in the past [3][4][5][6][7][8]. According to this method, the contemporary carbon is determined by measurement of the 14 C isotope content in the test sample.…”

Section: Biobased Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, contemporary carbon atoms in the atmosphere contain 14 C in CO 2 whereas the carbon in fossil mass does not contain this isotope since its half life is only 5730 years. We have investigated the suitability of this method for evaluating the biobased content of chemicals in the past [3][4][5][6][7][8]. This method is particularly important for materials that also contain inorganic elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Glycerol Carbonate in the Preparation of Highly Branched Siloxy Polymers

Tachibana

Shi

Graiver

et al. 2014

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Glycerol is an important biomass feedstock readily available as a by-product from the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Glycerol can be converted to glycerol carbonate, which readily reacts with many nucleophilic reagents including amines. Here, we demonstrate the reaction of glycerol carbonate and 3-aminopropylalkoxylsilane to yield hydroxyl alkyl terminated silanes. This reaction follows a second order rate constant irrespective of the type of aminosilane that was used. These hydroxyl alkyl terminated silanes were further polymerized to yield highly branched siloxy polymers via self-polycondensation through exchange of the ethoxy groups attached to the silicon atom with the terminal hydroxyl groups. The biobased content of these products was determined by ASTM 6866 to be as high as 69 %. The synthesis of the silane monomers as well as the structure and key properties of the hydroxyl alkyl terminated siloxy polymers were determined by DSC, 1 H NMR, FTIR, TGA and GPC.

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Biomass Carbon Ratio of Biomass Chemicals Measured by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate) Composites Reinforced by Cotton Fiber with Silane Coupling Agent

Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate) Composites Reinforced by Cotton Fiber with Silane Coupling Agent

Biobased Contents of Natural Rubber Model Compound and Its Separated Constituents

The Use of Glycerol Carbonate in the Preparation of Highly Branched Siloxy Polymers

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