Biomaterial Influence on Intraocular Lens Performance: An Overview

Abstract

There is strong evidence that the IOL material is the factor having the greatest impact on posterior capsule opacification (PCO), anterior capsule opacification (ACO) development, and glistening formation after cataract surgery, even though there are other IOL features—such as haptic material and design and edge and optic design—that also have some influence. We reviewed the published literature describing the adverse events that are mainly related to the intraocular lens (IOL) material, such as PCO, ACO, and the subsequent capsule contraction, as well as glistening formation. The adverse events presented in this overview are the most common ones in clinical practice, and therefore, they are generally included in the clinical protocols for IOL evaluation.

5 year incidence of YAG capsulotomy and PCO after cataract surgery with single-piece monofocal intraocular lenses: a real-world evidence study of 20,763 eyes

“…Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most frequent complication of cataract surgery and can develop soon after to a few years post-procedure [1,2], with incidence figures ranging from <5% to as high as 50% [3]. PCO involves lens epithelial cell growth and proliferation, leading reduced visual acuity, and may develop in a few months to years following cataract surgery [4,5].…”

“…Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy is the only effective surgical treatment for PCO [4], and is a routine and largely safe procedure, but could be associated with occasional complications that include elevated intraocular pressure, retinal detachment, and endophthalmitis [4][5][6]. The requirement to perform Nd: YAG capsulotomies as a consequence of PCO places a considerable financial burden on healthcare systems.…”

Ionizing Radiation for Preparation and Functionalization of Membranes and Their Biomedical and Environmental Applications

“…According to the dictionary, a membrane is "a thin sheet of tissue or layer of cells acting as a boundary, lining, or partition in an organism" (Oxford, 2019). Natural membranes are fundamental for our health and survival, so it is not surprising that, in biomedical applications, artificial membranes can be central either in substituting natural ones [47] or in developing new beneficial uses for our organisms like for instance intra-ocular lenses [48,49].…”

Clinical Experience of Using Intraocular Lenses

“…В послеоперационном периоде оценивали соответствие заданной и полученной рефракции, уровень сложности имплантации (прохождение через инжектор 2,4 мм, скорость раскрытия ИОЛ в глазу, центрация в капсульном мешке), длительность послеоперационной реабилитации, стабильность рефракции, частоту развития вторичной катаракты в период наблюдения после проведения стандартной факоэмульсификации у пациентов с катарактой. Имеются четкие доказательства того, что биоматериал, из которого изготовлена ИОЛ, является одним из основных факторов, влияющих на помутнение задней (РСО) и передней (АСО) капсулы хрусталика и эффект «глистенинг» [10]. Большинство исследований показали меньшую степень PCO при применении гидрофобных ИОЛ по сравнению с использованием гидрофильных ИОЛ и ИОЛ из PMMA из-за эффектов, описанных Линнолой в «теории сэндвича» [11].…”