Biomaterials with structural hierarchy and controlled 3D nanotopography guide endogenous bone regeneration

Abstract

Biomaterials without exogenous cells or therapeutic agents often fail to achieve rapid endogenous bone regeneration with high quality. Here, we reported a class of three-dimensional (3D) nanofiber scaffolds with hierarchical structure and controlled alignment for effective endogenous cranial bone regeneration. 3D scaffolds consisting of radially aligned nanofibers guided and promoted the migration of bone marrow stem cells from the surrounding region to the center in vitro. These scaffolds showed the highest new bone volume, surface coverage, and mineral density among the tested groups in vivo. The regenerated bone exhibited a radially aligned fashion, closely recapitulating the scaffold’s architecture. The organic phase in regenerated bone showed an aligned, layered, and densely packed structure, while the inorganic mineral phase showed a uniform distribution with smaller pore size and an even distribution of stress upon the simulated compression. We expect that this study will inspire the design of next-generation biomaterials for effective endogenous bone regeneration with desired quality.

Pearl-inspired graphene oxide-collagen microgel with multi-layer mineralization through microarray chips for bone defect repair

“…Although biomineralization of natural polymers in simulated body fluid (SBF) has been extensively applied to improve its biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and osteoinductivity. Nevertheless, the development of an uniform distributed and deep controllable bone-like apatite in the natural polymers is still not satisfactory [ 46 , 47 ]. In the study, we have integrated several technologies to achieve full-thickness mineralization in the microgels.…”

Electrospun nanofibers for bone regeneration: from biomimetic composition, structure to function

“…187 To better guide the growth of cells and produce well-organized 3D tissue constructs, Xie et al conducted a series of studies to produce 3D nanofibrous scaffolds with aligned structures by combining the gas-foaming technique. 180,[188][189][190] Very recently, they developed 3D nanofibrous scaffolds with radially aligned structures by immersing a uniaxially aligned nanofibrous membrane (about 1 mm-thick) in an aqueous solution of NaBH 4 . 190 The rapid hydrolysis of NaBH 4 in water produced H 2 gas in situ to loosen the whole 2D nanofibrous membrane to generate a multilayered 3D architecture.…”

“…180,[188][189][190] Very recently, they developed 3D nanofibrous scaffolds with radially aligned structures by immersing a uniaxially aligned nanofibrous membrane (about 1 mm-thick) in an aqueous solution of NaBH 4 . 190 The rapid hydrolysis of NaBH 4 in water produced H 2 gas in situ to loosen the whole 2D nanofibrous membrane to generate a multilayered 3D architecture. The obtained radially aligned 3D nanofibrous scaffolds could guide and promote BMSC migration from the surrounding region to the center in vitro.…”

Novel 3D Bioglass Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration

“…Due to its low melting temperature, PCL is a suitable material to be printed using extrusion-based additive manufacturing [ 22 ]. To improve bioactivity, different concentrations of hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) have been added to PCL scaffolds [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. This improves both the mechanical and hydrophilicity properties and accelerates mineralisation [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”