Biomechanics of wheat/barley straw and corn stover

Abstract

The lack of understanding of the mechanical characteristics of cellulosic feedstocks is a limiting factor in economically collecting and processing crop residues, primarily wheat and barley stems and corn stover. Several testing methods, including compression, tension, and bend have been investigated to increase our understanding of the biomechanical behavior of cellulosic feedstocks. Biomechanical data from these tests can provide required input to numerical models and help advance harvesting, handling, and processing techniques. In addition, integrating the models with the complete data set from this study can identify potential tools for manipulating the biomechanical properties of plant varieties in such a manner as to optimize their physical characteristics to produce higher value biomass and more energy efficient harvesting practices.

Applications of Discrete Element Method in the Research of Agricultural Machinery: A Review

“…Liao et al [115,116] established fodder rape straw models in the bolting stage and early pod stage, respectively, and calibrated the friction coefficient and cohesion parameters through a repose angle test and straw cutting test. Using a straw compression test and cutting test, Zhang et al [117] calibrated the key mechanic parameters of Young's modulus, bending strength, and elasticity modulus of a BPM (bonded particle model) straw model; the model could simulate the four straw forms of short, standard, long, and unbroken straw after being crushed [118][119][120]. Table 3 summarizes the established straw models and their key DEM parameters in the literature.…”

“…The interaction relationship between agricultural material and agricultural ery during its operational process has been the focus of DEM modeling research [ DEM simulations of typical agricultural machinery operation processes are as fol modulus, bending strength, and elasticity modulus of a BPM (bonded particle model) straw model; the model could simulate the four straw forms of short, standard, long, and unbroken straw after being crushed [118][119][120]. Table 3 summarizes the established straw models and their key DEM parameters in the literature.…”

“…Oat straw [104] Rigid Friction coefficient between straw and blade [104] Straw stiffness [104] Maize straw [117] Cuttable Normal and shear contact stiffness, in normal and shear critical stress [117] Fodder rape straw in bolting stage Simulation Experiment [115] Collision coefficient of restitution between straw and between straw and steel; static and rolling coefficient between straw and between straw and steel [115] Normal and shear stiffness; normal and shear critical stress; bond radius [115] Fodder rape straw in early pod stage [116] Collision coefficient of restitution between straw and between straw and steel; static and rolling coefficient between straw and between straw and steel [116] Elasticity modulus, shearing modulus and Poisson's ratio [116] Wheat straw [110] Flexible Viscous damping coefficient [110] Young's modulus [110] Experiment Simulation [109] Friction coefficient between straw, Friction coefficient between straw and steel [118] Young's modulus [118,120] Bending strength [108] Tension modulus [120] [112]…”

“…Friction coefficient between straw and blade [104] Straw stiffness [104] Maize straw modulus, bending strength, and elasticity modulus of a BPM (bonded particle model) straw model; the model could simulate the four straw forms of short, standard, long, and unbroken straw after being crushed [118][119][120]. Table 3 summarizes the established straw models and their key DEM parameters in the literature.…”

“…Static friction coefficient between straw and steel, restitution coefficient [112] Shearing modulus; elasticity modulus Bond radius, shear and normal cohesion stiffness [112] Fertilizer models were mostly represented by single spherical particles: the static and rolling friction coefficient between urea particles and the static and rolling friction coeffi-Simulation Experiment [115] Collision coefficient of restitution between straw and between straw and steel; static and rolling coefficient between straw and between straw and steel [115] Normal and shear stiffness; normal and shear critical stress; bond radius [115] Fodder rape straw in early pod stage straw model; the model could simulate the four straw forms of short, standard, long, and unbroken straw after being crushed [118][119][120]. Table 3 summarizes the established straw models and their key DEM parameters in the literature.…”