Biomimetic Black Phosphorus Nanosheet-Based Drug Delivery System for Targeted Photothermal-Chemo Cancer Therapy

Abstract

As a biodegradable material, black phosphorus (BP) has been considered as an efficient agent for cancer photothermal therapy. However, its systemic delivery faces several hurdles, including rapid degradation in blood circulation, quick clearance by the immune system, and low delivery sufficiency to the tumor site. Here, we developed a biomimetic nanoparticle platform for in vivo tumor-targeted delivery of BP nanosheets (BP NSs). Through a biomimetic strategy, BP NSs were utilized to coordinate with the active species of oxaliplatin (1,2-diaminocyclohexane) platinum (II) (DACHPt) complexions, and the nanoparticles were further camouflaged with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)–derived membranes. We showed that the incorporation of DACHPt not only decelerated the BP degradation but also enhanced the antitumor effect by combining the photothermal effect with chemotoxicity. Furthermore, MSC membrane coating increased the stability, dispersibility, and tumor-targeting properties of BP/DACHPt, significantly improving the antitumor efficacy. In short, our work not only provided a new strategy for in vivo tumor-targeted delivery of BP NSs but also obtained an enhanced antitumor effect by combining photothermal therapy with chemotherapy.

Upregulated GATA3/miR205-5p Axis Inhibits MFNG Transcription and Reduces the Malignancy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

“…Furthermore, studies have shown that they can selectively target cancer cells, slow treatment resistance, and minimize side effects [43,44]. In this regard, black phosphorus (BP) has also been emerging as a suitable nanomaterial that allows drug delivery and therapeutics in cancers [45]. Our in vivo findings underlined the miR205-5P-PEI-BP had an effective inhibition on tumorigenesis of TNBC cells and revealed the crucial therapeutic role of miR205-5p in TNBC and BP was a superior nonmaterial in delivery drug.…”

Membrane-wrapped nanoparticles for photothermal cancer therapy

“…Various photoresponsive NPs have been wrapped with different kinds of cell membranes to enable PTT of solidtumor cancers. This includes gold-based NPs (such as nanoshells, nanorods nanocages, nanostars, and nanodendrites) [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48], polymeric NPs loaded with organic near-infrared (NIR) absorbing dyes (such as indocyanine green (ICG), IR780, IR820, and IR792) [49][50][51][52][53], Prussian blue NPs [54][55][56][57][58], non-gold metal-based NPs [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71], liposomes [72][73][74], nanosheets (e.g., graphene-oxide, tungsten disulfide, and black phosphorous) [75][76][77][78], carrier-free systems made by co-assembling organic NIR dyes with other drugs [79][80][81], and other materials [82][83][84]…”

“…Like platelets, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have promise as biomimetic NP coatings due to their unique migration and tumor tropism, which are mediated in part by surface receptors on their plasma membranes [77]. Source-related advantages of MSCs include their ease of isolation from in vitro cell culture and potential to be extracted from diverse tissues (i.e.…”

“…Source-related advantages of MSCs include their ease of isolation from in vitro cell culture and potential to be extracted from diverse tissues (i.e. bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, or placenta) [77,107]. Endogenous and exogenous MSCs migrate to specific tissues in response to chemokines and growth factors released at the target site.…”

“…Other 2D nanomaterials that have been explored for dual PTT/chemotherapy include tungsten disulfide (which was modified with PEG, co-loaded with ICG and DOX, and wrapped with FA-modified RBC membranes) [63] and black phosphorus nanosheets (that were coordinated with the active species of oxaliplatin (1,2-diaminocyclohexane) platinum (II) (DACHPt) as the chemotherapeutic and coated with MSC membranes) [77]. The tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ) system had a circulation half-life of 5.5 h when injected in healthy Balb/c nude mice, compared to just 1.5 h for unwrapped controls [63].…”