Biomimetic Surfaces Coated with Covalently Immobilized Collagen Type I: An X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Micro-CT and Histomorphometrical Study in Rabbits

Abstract

Background: The process of osseointegration of dental implants is characterized by healing phenomena at the level of the interface between the surface and the bone. Implant surface modification has been introduced in order to increase the level of osseointegration. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of biofunctional coatings for dental implants and the bone healing response in a rabbit model. The implant surface coated with collagen type I was analyzed through X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), micro-CT and histologically. Methods: The sandblasted and double acid etched surface coated with collagen type I, and uncoated sandblasted and double acid etched surface were evaluated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis in order evaluate the different morphology. In vivo, a total of 36 implants were positioned in rabbit articular femoral knee-joint, 18 fixtures for each surface. Micro-CT scans, histological and histomorphometrical analysis were conducted at 15, 30 and 60 days. Results: A histological statistical differences were evident at 15, 30 and 60 days (p < 0.001). Both implant surfaces showed a close interaction with newly formed bone. Mature bone appeared in close contact with the surface of the fixture. The AFM outcome showed a similar roughness for both surfaces. Conclusion: However, the final results showed that a coating of collagen type I on the implant surface represents a promising procedure able to improve osseointegration, especially in regions with a low bone quality.

Osteoconductive and Osteoinductive Surface Modifications of Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration: A Concise Review

“…Yu et al [131] applied picosecond laser ablation to modify Ti substrate and demonstrated that the resultant surface of Ti with micro-groves promoted cell adhesion. The subtractive modifications of biomaterial surface may also be applied to prepare the surface before the coating process (Figure 4) [132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139]. By increasing the roughness of the surface, better adhesive bond between the coating and the surface of modified material may be achieved [140].…”

Infrared Thermographic Evaluation of Temperature Modifications Induced during Implant Site Preparation with Steel vs. Zirconia Implant Drill

“…Oral implant rehabilitation is a highly predictable procedure characterized by 10-year success rates of over 97% [1][2][3]. Bone healing around the implant surface is influenced by different factors such as heat generation during implant site preparation [4,5], insertion torque, micro and macro implant surface characteristics, and quality of bone [6,7].…”

The Effects of Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser (Er: YAG) Irradiation on Sandblasted and Acid-Etched (SLA) Titanium, an In Vitro Study

“…The scan rate was 0.1 Hz, and each disk was analyzed in four different areas of 10 µm × 10 µm, as previously described [29]. The Nanoscope Analysis software (1.5, Bruker, Milan, Itay) was used for measuring the average roughness, Ra, and the root-mean-square roughness of profile, Rq, with the respective standard deviations (SD).…”