Bioresources and diversity of snakehead, Channa striata (Bloch 1793): a proposed model for optimal and sustainable utilization of freshwater fish

Abstract

Among freshwater fishes in Indonesia, snakehead is an essential and valuable fish bioresources for a long time. Although breeding snakehead just started in the last decade, direct consumption, raw material for food industry and pharmacy/albumin source have already been developed earlier. This study outlines snakehead biological resources and their diversity, production trends and challenges, and understanding for strategic planning for its optimal and sustainable use. Of the 10 snakehead species in Indonesia, Channa striata is the most popular species. Although Indonesia’s snakehead production contributes significantly to global production, the production of this species in the last three decades still depends on inland fisheries around 73-97%, and the rest comes from aquaculture. Therefore, the decline in snakehead production occurs because of over-exploitation, seasonal influence and high vulnerability of the species to climate change. Bioresource flow model (BRFM) is proposed to optimize the use of snakehead to provide strategic planning for further development. This model includes a domestication program for aquaculture and conservation, hatchery production, an alternative understanding of snakehead aquaculture production systems, biotechnological improvement processing for albumin production, and wastewater treatment management.

Application of the Cytochrome-b gene region in Population Study of Striped Snakehead (Channa striata) by Molecular Approach

“…The existence of snakehead fish in Indonesia has been used as a food ingredient with a high protein content (Chasanah et al 2015, Prastari et al 2017), especially the albumin content which is quite good (Chasanah et al 2015). There are ten species of snakehead fish in Indonesia, including C. striata (Gustiano et al 2019, Gustiano et al 2021. Due to the diversity of this type of fish, apart from paying attention to color patterns and other morphological characteristics, identification of fish species can also be done molecularly by knowing the differences in the DNA composition (Lakra et al 2016, Zhu et al 2013).…”

“…Channa consists of 34 species and is a fish native to the Asian region (Froese 2009). Out of the 34 species, in Indonesia, there are 10 species from the genus Channa (Gustiano et al 2021). Beside the most dominant species C. striata which are spread in Sumatra, Kalimantan and Java, other species are C. gachua (Pinasti 2021), C. pleurothalma (Lubis et al 2020), and C. micropeltes (Muhajirah et al 2021).…”

Sustainable Development: The Case for Aquatic Biodiversity in Indonesia’s Peatland Areas

“…Ponds must be prepared in numerous phases before they can be used for peatland fish farming. In the future, it is intended that fisheries development for community empowerment and welfare, such as catfish and snakehead fish farming in Indonesia, will be adopted [35,36].…”

Optimizing the Utilization of Genetic Resources of Indonesian Native Freshwater Fish

“…Selected candidates will be collected, characterized, evaluated for their performance, and eligible for breeding through the domestication process. Currently, there are six species, Silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus), bonylip (Osteochilus vittatus), giant gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy), kissing gouramy (Helostoma temmenckii), and snakehead (Channa striata) that have been cultivated by the fish farmers forming the farm conservation (MMAF, 2015;Gustiano et al, 2021). While the domesticated fish that have been released by the government are 16 species.…”