Biosensors

Synergetic Effects of Combined Nanomaterials for Biosensing Applications

“…The particularity of biosensors, compared to classic sensors, is that the sensing element, also called the receptor unit, is a biological entity or a bioinspired compound which confers an excellent selectivity towards the analyte to be detected. The unique specificity of such bioreceptors represents the main advantage within all sensor devices and the development of biosensors has become a huge research topic since highly complex solutions like blood can be analyzed for one specific target [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Biosensors are mainly used for the monitoring of diseases and are based on the recognition event of immune systems, viruses, bacteria, or cells, but also find utility for the detection of chemicals like blood sugar or pollutants [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Biosensors Incorporating Bimetallic Nanoparticles

“…The choice of which approach to use depends on the analyte, matrix and sensitivity/selectivity requirements; the first to be considered, namely, amperometry, schematically shown in Figure 2 a, employs a detector that measures current when an electro-active solute contacts a working electrode held at a fixed potential with respect to a reference electrode. The second commonly encountered technique potentiometry, schematically shown in Figure 2 b, measures the potential at the working electrode, with respect to the reference electrode, in an electrochemical cell when zero or no significant current flows [ 43 ].…”

“…Biosensors have been traditionally fabricated using a variety of sensing, or recognition, elements, including enzymes, antibodies, microbes, receptors, cells, membranes, tissues, organisms, organelles, nucleic acids and organic molecules. Such sensors can be tailored, using the natural affinity of the sensing element for its target analyte to give a high degree of specific recognition, such as is commonly seen with e.g., monoclonal antibodies [ 43 ].…”