Biosynthesis of Opioid Peptides

Regulation of the prepronociceptin gene and its effect on neuronal differentiation

“…POMC, preproenkephalin, preprodynorphin, and ppN/OFQ each have an intron beginning just 5′ of the ATG, one or two untranslated exons (Civelli et al, 1986;Mollereau et al, 1996), and an additional intron within the coding region. In addition to structural similarity, cAMP induces an increase in gene expression for each of these prohormones (Collins-Hicok et al, 1994;Hyman et al, 1994;Fig.…”

Induction of Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells by Human Eb- or Rainbow Trout Ea4-Peptide of Pro-Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (Pro-IGF-I)

“…First, many peptide hormones are initially synthesized as complex pro-hormone molecules and following posttranslational processing to generate multiple peptides with distinct or similar biological activities. Examples are pro-opiomelanocortin (Civelli et al, 1986), pro-glucaogon (Bell et al, 1983) and pro-insulin (Ido et al, 1997), just to name a few. In a similar manner, generation of E-peptides from pro-IGF-I may suggest a pluripotential role for these peptides.…”