Bioxalomycins, new antibiotics produced by the marine Streptomyces sp. LL-31F508. Taxonomy and fermentation.

Abstract

An actinomycete strain designated LL-3 1F508 was isolated from an intertidal sediment sample collected in Key West, Florida. Culture LL-31F508 was assigned to the Streptomyces genus based on the presence of LL-diaminopimelic acid (DAP)in the cell wall and observations of spiny spores using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphyloccoccus and Enterococcusspp. weredetected in both the supernatant and cell extract samples from fermentations of culture LL-31F508. Production of antibiotic activity peaked at 48~50 hours and closely paralleled cell growth, during which time glucose was more rapidly assimilated than dextrin. A series of new antibiotics called the bioxalomycins was identified as the antibacterial products from fermentations of this culture. Fermentation conditions for production of bioxalomycin a differed substantially from those required for production of a related compound, naphthyridinomycin, by the reference culture Streptomyces lusitanus NRRL8034.

Antimicrobial Activity and Phylogenetic Analysis of Streptomyces Parvulus Dosmb-D105 Isolated from the Mangrove Sediments of Andaman Islands

“…The cell wall chemistry of the Streptomyces spp. has also been reported by several researchers [23][24]. In the present study, S. parvulus DOSMB-D105 was investigated for the cell wall amino acids and whole cell sugars.…”

“…Growth response of the organism to the inhibitory compounds was studied and it was found that the isolate could tolerate crystal violet, sodium aside and sodium chloride. Likewise, other researchers have reported the tolerance of actinobacteria to inhibitory compounds [24,29]. S. parvulus DOSMB-D105 was sensitive to gentamycin, clindamycin and amikacin and resistant to cepholothin, co-trimoxale, ofl axin and penicillin as observedin Streptomyces spp.…”

“…Various carbon source utilization ability confi rmed the identity of Streptomyces spp. [24]. The isolate DOSMB-D105 was able to utilize dextrose, cellulose, xylose, arabinose, raffi nose, mannitol, fructose, sorbitol, maltose, lactose, rhamnose, adonital and starch.…”

Research on marine actinobacteria in India

“…Since environmental conditions of the sea are extremely different from terrestrial conditions, they produce different types of antibiotics. Several antibiotics have been isolated from marine actinobacteria by many researchers [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] . The isolated antibiotics are entirely new and unique when compared to those from the terrestrial ones 31 .…”

Mechanistic studies and biological activity of bioxalomycin alpha 2, a novel antibiotic produced by Streptomyces viridodiastaticus subsp. "litoralis" LL-31F508

“…Culture LL-31F508 was isolated from an intertidal soil sample collected in Key West, Fla., and was identified as Streptomyces viridodiastaticus subsp. "litoralis" (1). Chemical analyses of fermentation broths revealed the presence of a novel antibiotic complex, the bioxalomycins (18,22).…”