Bipolar diffusion charging characteristics of single-wall carbon nanotube aerosol particles

Triboelectrification: A review of experimental and mechanistic modeling approaches with a special focus on pharmaceutical powders

“…Presence of multiple size fractions can trigger inter-particle charge transfer in identical materials, and the magnitude of charge has been reported to increase with the concomitant increase in particle size ranges 86,87 . Bipolar charging in identical materials has been perceived in multiple fields including pharmaceutical unit operations such as fluidized bed drying 88 and pneumatic conveying 89 , dust storms [90][91][92][93] , volcanic plumes 94 and aerosols such as found in DPIs 95 . Although most reports suggested this phenomenon resulting in the larger particle fractions to acquire positive charges and smaller particles charging negatively, a contradictory pattern have also been observed at times 88 .…”

Determination of the ratio of diffusion charging-based surface area to geometric surface area for spherical particles in the size range of 100–900nm

“…This indicates higher charging of carbon nanofiber aerosol for those sizes. One published paper by Kulkarni, Deye, and Baron (2009) also showed 30-53% higher charging in the size range from 400 to 1000 nm for single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) particles. It is suspected that higher charging in the diffusion charger might have happened to 300 nm carbon nanofiber particles tested in this study, which might have contributed in part to large deviation from the BET.…”

Ultrafine Particle Generation through Atomization Technique: The Influence of the Solution

“…In particular, most of the data in the scientific literature were obtained using sodium chloride (NaCl) as solute; only few studies reported experimental campaigns using other solutes (e.g., NaNO 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ), and they were not designed to show the influence of the solute on particle generation process (Hogrefe et al, 2004;Mikuška et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2007;Kulkarni et al, 2009;Hu et al, 2011).…”