Bipolar Electrochemistry – A Powerful Tool for Micro/Nano‐Electrochemistry

Abstract

The understanding of areas for “classical” electrochemistry (including catalysis, electrolysis and sensing) and bio‐electrochemistry at the micro/nanoscale are focus on the continued performance facilitations or the exploration of new features. In the recent 20 years, a different mode for driving electrochemistry has been proposed, which is called as bipolar electrochemistry (BPE). BPE has garnered attention owing to the interesting properties: (i) its wireless nature facilitates electrochemical sensing and high throughput analysis; (ii) the gradient potential distribution on the electrodes surface is a useful tool for preparing gradient surfaces and materials. These permit BPE to be used for modification and analytical applications on a micro/nanoscale surface. This review aims to introduce the principle and classification of BPE and BPE at micro/nanoscale; sort out its applications in electrocatalysis, electrosynthesis, electrophoresis, power supply and so on; explain the confined BPE and summarize its analytical application for single entities (single cells, single particles and single molecules), and discuss finally the important direction of micro/nanoscale BPE.

Electrochemical exfoliation of 2D materials beyond graphene

“…103 A non-contact ECE approach, referred to as “bipolar exfoliation” (BPE) has been proposed to overcome this problem. 104,105 The bipolar exfoliation method is inspired by the concept of bipolar electrochemistry, which is a phenomenon based on the polarisation of conducting objects in a DC electric field. 106…”

“…103 A non-contact ECE approach, referred to as ''bipolar exfoliation'' (BPE) has been proposed to overcome this problem. 104,105 The bipolar exfoliation method is inspired by the concept of bipolar electrochemistry, which is a phenomenon based on the polarisation of conducting objects in a DC electric field. 106 A typical bipolar exfoliation cell has a similar structure as the cell used in traditional ECE, differing only in the electrode structure, as shown in Fig.…”

Cu-MOFs/GOx Bifunctional Probe-Based Synergistic Signal Amplification Strategy: Toward Highly Sensitive Closed Bipolar Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay

“…Bipolar electrochemiluminescent (BP-ECL) detection technology has become a powerful tool for early cancer diagnosis due to its "wireless nature" and the near-zero background of ECL. 1 According to the current flow paths, BP-ECL configurations can be divided into open and closed types. 2 Compared to the open types, due to the advantage of the physically separated anode and cathode, the closed-type configuration could well avoid the mutual interference from the oxidation and reduction process.…”

“…Bipolar electrochemiluminescent (BP-ECL) detection technology has become a powerful tool for early cancer diagnosis due to its “wireless nature” and the near-zero background of ECL . According to the current flow paths, BP-ECL configurations can be divided into open and closed types .…”

Theoretical Framework and Guidelines for the Cyclic Voltammetry of Closed Bipolar Cells

“…Among other applications, , closed bipolar cells (cBPCs) open advantageous approaches in electroanalysis − by coupling the electrochemical conversion of the target species with a secondary electrochemical process that can serve as a reference or as a signal enhancer. Regarding the latter, cBPCs are employed in the efficient transduction of electrons to photons in electrogenerated chemiluniscence (ECL) systems, − achieving very high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution.…”