Bitter Principle and a Related Steroid Glucoside fromVernonia amygdalina, a Possible Medicinal Plant for Wild Chimpanzees

Steroidal Saponins from Vernonia amygdalina Del. and Their Biological Activity

“…In the HMBC spectrum, we observed correlations between δ H 1.39 and 1.76 with δ C 22.8 (C-16), δ H 1.39 with δ C 28.0 (C-15), 50.9 (C-17), 135.8 (C-8), and δ H 1.76 with δ C 41.8 (C-13), 50.9 (C-17), indicating that the signal δ C 22.8 is connected to C-16. We therefore infer that compound 2 is Δ 7, 9 (11) , a stigmastane-type steroid derivative with the same skeleton as vernonioside B1 [ 1 ] by comparison with 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR (see Table 1 ).…”

“…from the family Asteraceae is distributed throughout tropical Africa, especially in West Africa. It has received considerable scientific interest due to the observation that adult chimpanzees with malaria returned to normal activity after chewing the extract of the bitter juice of this species [ 1 ]. Over the years, several studies on the chemical components of this species, including flavonoids [ 2 ], sesquiterpene lactones [ 3 ], steroidal saponins [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], and fatty acids [ 7 ], have been performed.…”

Complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data for three new stigmastane glycosides from Vernonia cumingiana

“…The 1 H NMR spectra for the aglycon part of 1 were typical of a sterol structure displaying two angular methyl singlets at δ 0.81 and 0.82, three secondary methyl proton signals at δ 1.09 (d, J = 7.0, H-26), 1.22 (d, J = 7.0, H-27) and 1.41(d, J = 6.5, H-29), and two characteristic multiplet at δ 3.93 (H-3) and 4.30 (H-28), which was shifted downfield by glycoslation. [5] Besides that, two olefine protons at δ 5.35 (br s) and 5.41 (br d J = 6.0) were displayed in the 1 H NMR spectrum of 1. An unsaturated functionality evident from the 13 C NMR spectrum were two trisubstituted double bond (120.9 and 136.3, 144.2 and 118.5 ppm), situated between C-7 and C-8, C-9 and C-11, as indicated by analysis of the HMQC and HMBC correlations.…”

“…1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC and ROESY spectra of compound 1, 2 and 3 were recorded on a Varian Inova-500 spectrometer with a 5-mm inverse probe at room temperature. The compound 1, 2 and 3 were dissolved separately in 1-ml pyridine-d 5 , and transferred to a 5-mm NMR tube. All chemical shifts are in ppm (δ), using TMS as internal standard and coupling constants (J) are in hertz.…”

The anticancer activities of Vernonia amygdalina Delile. Leaves on 4T1 breast cancer cells through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway

“…Vernonia amygdalina Delile, from the family of Asteraceae, comes from West Africa. Several studies found some of its chemical constituents, such as flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, fatty acids, and steroidal saponins [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], and indicated some of its pharmacological activities, such as anti-malaria, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and anti-obesity [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer activities of Vernonia amygdalina Delile leaves extract on 4T1 breast cancer cells through the PI3K pathway.…”