Bleaching Stress on Indian Coral Reef Regions during Mass Coral Bleaching Years using NOAA OISST Data

Arora, Mamta; Chaudhury, Nandini Ray; Gujrati, Ashwin; Patel, Ramesh C.

doi:10.18520/cs/v117/i2/242-250

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…As per the report of IPCC, the warming of coral reef waters in general increased globally (0.10-0.12 °C/decade, 1971-2010) and regionally (0.02-0.13 °C/decade, 1950-2009) (Hartmann et al 2013;Rhein et al 2013). For the last 24 years, GoM documented a thermal threshold of 30.23±0.39 and a bleaching threshold of 30.73 (Arora et al 2010), indicating the vulnerability of corals to the bleaching threshold. The coral bleaching phenomenon has declined global coral reef status by 30%, and 60% 0f the remaining corals could be damaged by 2030 (Camp et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health monitoring status of corals in Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay (India) with special reference to coral bleaching event

Sadhukhan

Ramesh

Shunmugaraj

et al. 2022

Indo Pac J Ocean Life

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Abstract. Sadhukhan K, Chatragadda E, Shunmugaraj T, Murthy MVR. 2022. Health monitoring status of corals in Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay (India) with special reference to coral bleaching event. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 6: 72-84. Coral reef ecosystems are highly important regarding ecological, cultural, and economic values. Unfortunately, these ecosystems are declining rapidly due to climate change and local anthropogenic threats. The present study assessed the coral reef health status in the Gulf of Mannar (GoM) and Palk Bay (PB), India, to understand the diversity and abundance of corals and the bleaching vulnerability of the reef areas. Extensive underwater surveys were conducted from August 2018 to August 2020. Line intercept transect methods were employed in triplicates and estimated the bleaching-mediated reef threats. As a result, the average live coral cover of the Gulf of Mannar was 39.55±15.45% (Mean±SD), and Palk Bay was 28.40±14.60%, of which Mandapam Group of Islands has maximum live coral coverage (51.80±15.10%). Severe coral bleaching was also observed in the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay during the summer of two the consecutive year, 2019 and 2020, triggered by increased sea surface temperature (SST) of 4°C-5°C than the average temperature (28°C-31°C). The current study highlights the detailed distribution of the coral community with comparative analysis since 2000 and the adaptive response of native coral species to bleaching events that will help to implement management interventions like coral restoration of those native species to strengthen the reef resilience in the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health monitoring status of corals in Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay (India) with special reference to coral bleaching event

Sadhukhan

Ramesh

Shunmugaraj

et al. 2022

Indo Pac J Ocean Life

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“…Coral bleaching generally begins for corals exposed to a DHW value of 0.5 or more [34]. The categories which are used to describe the severity of bleaching for Indian regions are no stress (0° C<DHW≤2° C), bleach watch (2° C<DHW≤4° C), warning (4° C<DHW≤6° C), alert level-1 (6° C<DHW≤8° C) and alert level-2 (DHW>8° C) based on DHW [8,15].…”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The global SSTs have risen gradually since the 1980s, which have caused mass coral bleaching (MCB) and mortality in more than 90% of reefs since 1997-1998. Many researchers have reported four significant MCB events (i.e., 1982-1983, 1997-1998, 2010, 2015-2016) all over the world over the past four decades due to global warminginduced by the ENSO event [8,[15][16][17]. The 2015-2016 ENSO event emerged as the most extreme event in terms of ocean warming intensity and extent across the tropical oceans [18][19][20][21], which caused one of the most severe and widespread MCB events across the Indo-Pacific [15,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change Induced Thermal Stress Caused Recurrent Coral Bleaching over Gulf of Kachchh and Malvan Marine Sanctuary, West Coast of India

Arora¹,

De²,

Chaudhury³

et al. 2022

Climate Change in Asia and Africa - Examining the Biophysical and Social Consequences, and Society's Responses

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Coral reefs are one of the most sensitive, productive, and invaluable biological resources on the earth. However, coral reefs are facing unprecedented stress due to ongoing climate changes and intensified anthropogenic disturbances globally. Elevated Sea Surface Temperature (SST) has emerged as the most imminent threat to the thermos-sensitive reef-building corals. The 2010–2014-2016 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) caused prolonged marine heat waves (MHWs) that led to the most widespread coral bleaching and mortality in the tropical Indi-Pacific regions. Coral bleaching prediction is vital for the management of the reef biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and services. Recent decades, satellite remote sensing has emerged as a convenient tool for large-scale coral reef monitoring programs. As thermal stress is a critical physical attribute for coral bleaching hence, the present study examines the effectiveness of the elevated SSTs as a proxy to predict coral bleaching in shallow water marginal reefs. Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data from the NOAA Coral Reef Watch’s (CRW) platform has been used for this study. Coral bleaching indices like Bleaching Threshold (BT), Positive SST Anomaly (PA), and Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) are computed to analyze the thermal stress on the coral reefs. The computed thermal stress from satellite-derived SST data over regions concurrence with the mass coral bleaching (MCB) events. This study concludes that in the last decades (2010 to 2019) the coral cover around these regions has dramatically declined due to higher SST, which indicates that the thermal stress induced recurrent bleaching events attributed to the coral loss.

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“…Further, hardly any anthropogenic disturbances were noticed at the site. Being tropical in location, the reefs of Lakshadweep are prone to bleaching, associated with ENSO and multiple bleaching events had been recorded from 1998 till date (Arthur 2008;Arora et al 2019). Nevertheless, R. bryoides was observed to be overgrowing live corals rather than growing on the dead ones.…”

Section: ; Gbif 2019)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasion of coral reefs of Lakshadweep atolls by a central Indo-Pacific corallimorph

Alvin

Aju

Sreenath

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Worldwide, coral reefs are in decline due to mass bleaching, natural calamities, diseases, and anthropogenic stressors that expose large swathe of unutilized substratum which is later occupied by other benthic organisms like corallimorpharians, anemones, macroalgae etc. In the current work, we describe for the first time, the competitive interaction between a corallimorph and hard corals, observed in Kavaratti and Chetlat atolls in the tropical Indian Ocean, which is the first reported instance of an invasion of corallimorpharian in the entire Lakshadweep islands. The corallimorph, Rhodactis bryoides Haddon & Shackleton, 1893, is identified by morphological and molecular analysis. It is found that the species has no previous records from the western Indian Ocean region. Since the competitive interaction among reef organisms for space will have significant repercussions on the entire reef ecosystem in the future, we observed the pace of invasion for six months and calculated the relative abundance of the corallimorph using transects. None of the previous factors causing a corallimorpharia outbreak viz., external disturbances and nutrient enrichment were observed in this region. However, these tropical atolls are prone to occasional bleaching during the summer seasons. Further investigation needs to be conducted on the biology of this species, the interaction with other benthic groups and the environmental descriptors promoting the invasion.

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Bleaching Stress on Indian Coral Reef Regions during Mass Coral Bleaching Years using NOAA OISST Data

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Health monitoring status of corals in Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay (India) with special reference to coral bleaching event

Health monitoring status of corals in Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay (India) with special reference to coral bleaching event

Climate Change Induced Thermal Stress Caused Recurrent Coral Bleaching over Gulf of Kachchh and Malvan Marine Sanctuary, West Coast of India

Invasion of coral reefs of Lakshadweep atolls by a central Indo-Pacific corallimorph

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