Blends of Biodiesels Synthesized from Non-edible and Edible Oils: Effects on the Cold Filter Plugging Point

Sarin, Amit; Arora, Rajneesh; Singh, N. P.; Sarin, Rakesh K.; Malhotra, Ravinder; Sarin, Shruti

doi:10.1021/ef901131m

Cited by 51 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Previously, L‐FAME such as SME and canola oil‐FAME that have good cold‐flow properties relative to L‐FAME produced from many other FOG were studied (Dunn et al, ). Typically, there is a correlation between the cold‐flow properties and the mass concentration of saturated FA (Davis et al, ; Dunn et al, ; Echim et al, ; González Gómez et al, ; Moser, ; Ramos et al, ; Sarin et al, , ; Serrano et al, ). In this study, three L‐FAME with poor cold‐flow properties were investigated and compared to SME.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Branched‐Chain Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters on the Cold‐Flow Properties of Biodiesel

Dunn

Wyatt

Wagner

et al. 2019

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters [FAME]) is produced from various fats, oils, and greases (FOG) using catalytic transesterification with methanol. These fuels have poor cold-flow properties depending on the fatty acid (FA) composition of the parent FOG. Improving the coldflow properties of biodiesel will enhance its prospects for use during cooler months in moderate temperature climates. This work is a study on the use of skeletally branchedchain alkyl esters (BCAE) composed of the isopropyl, nbutyl, and 2-ethylhexyl esters of iso-oleic acid isomers (iPr-iOL, nBu-iOL, and 2EH-iOL). These BCAE additives were tested in blends with linear-FAME (L-FAME) derived from soybean oil (SME), lard (LME), tallow (TME), and sewage scum grease (SGME). Binary L-FAME/SME admixtures were also studied. Admixtures were tested for the effects of the additives on cloud point (CP), pour point (PP), and kinematic viscosities at standard (ν 40 = 40 C) and low temperatures (T L ) = CP + 5 C (ν L ). Although the BCAE additives were more effective than SME, relatively large additive concentrations (y Add ) were needed to depress CP and PP by more than 2 C. Admixtures with high concentrations of BCAE additive had ν 40 > 6.0 mm 2 s −1 , the maximum limit in ASTM fuel specification D 6751. While the iPr-iOL and nBu-iOL additives may be blended at concentrations up to y Add = 0.50, 2EH-iOL should not exceed y Add = 0.28 in LME, 0.31 in SGME, 0.35 in TME, or 0.41 in SME to avoid driving the admixture out of specification. Some anomalies observed in the results at low y Add for SGME/BCAE admixtures were speculated to have been affected by the low-temperature rheology of SGME. KeywordsAdmixture Á Branched-chain alkyl esters Á Cloud point Á Kinematic viscosity Á Additive mass fraction Á Pour point J Am Oil Chem Soc (2019) 96: 805-823. Scheme 1 Molecular structures of linear-fatty acid methyl ester (L-FAME), skeletally branched-chain-fatty acid methyl ester (BC-FAME) and skeletally branched-chain alkyl esters (BCAE) 807 J Am Oil Chem Soc J Am Oil Chem Soc (2019) 96: 805-823

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Branched‐Chain Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters on the Cold‐Flow Properties of Biodiesel

Dunn

Wyatt

Wagner

et al. 2019

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…However, the approaches of Sarin et al 68,69 are based on the composition of either unsaturated FAMEs or a specific saturated FAME, in this case, palmitic acid methyl ester.…”

Section: 4b Comparison Of Low-temperature Flow Property Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A.8a Method of Sarin et al 68,69 Correlations based on palmitic acid methyl ester (PAME) content (P FAME , wt %) include   …”

Section: A8 Low-temperature Flow Properties Of Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of Prediction Methods for Thermophysical Properties for Process Modeling and Product Design of Biodiesel Manufacturing

Liu

Tovar

et al. 2011

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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To optimize biodiesel manufacturing, many reported studies have built simulation models to quantify the relationship between operating conditions and process performance. For mass and energy balance simulations, it is essential to know the four fundamental thermophysical properties of the feed oil: liquid density (ρ L ), vapor pressure (P vap ), liquid heat capacity (C p L ), and heat of vaporization (ΔH vap ). Additionally, to characterize the fuel qualities, it is critical to develop quantitative correlations to predict three biodiesel properties, namely, viscosity, cetane number, and flash point. Also, to ensure the operability of biodiesel in cold weather, one needs to quantitatively predict three low-temperature flow properties: cloud point (CP), pour point (PP), and cold filter plugging point (CFPP). This article presents the results from a comprehensive evaluation of the methods for predicting these four essential feed oil properties and six key biodiesel fuel properties. We compare the predictions to reported experimental data and recommend the appropriate prediction methods for each property based on accuracy, consistency, and generality. Of particular significance are (1) our presentation of simple and accurate methods for predicting the six key fuel properties based on the number of carbon atoms and the number of double bonds or the composition of total unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and (2) our posting of the Excel spreadsheets for implementing all of the evaluated accurate prediction methods on our group website (www.design.che.vt.edu) for the reader to download without charge.ii Acknowledgement

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“…To check the feasibility of TME as an alternative fuel, its fatty-acid methyl ester composition and physiochemical properties were analyzed as per ASTM D-6751 and EN-14214 specifications (Sarin et al, 2010;Lane et al, 2012). The synthesized TME was tested for physicochemical properties such as acid value, viscosity, cetane number, oxidation stability, calorific value, cold flow properties, flash point, iodine value, density, refractive index, and other considerable characteristics by standard methods.…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties and Fattyacid Methyl Ester Composmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of Tectona Grandis as a Feedstock for Biodiesel

Sarin

Singh

Sharma³

et al. 2017

Front. Energy Res.

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The limited availability of fossil fuels has encouraged the need of replacement fuels of renewable nature. Among the renewable fuels, biodiesel produced from oil seeds and food wastes has been favored by the majority of researchers. In this study, Tectona Grandis seed oil has been investigated as a non-edible feedstock for biodiesel. The oil content of seed is 43% which makes it suitable for commercial production of biodiesel. The synthesis of biodiesel from T. Grandis oil was done with transesterification reaction giving high percentage yield of biodiesel which reached to 89%. The T. Grandis biodiesel was subjected to determine various physicochemical parameters by standard testing methods and found in agreement with the ASTM D-6751 and EN-14214 standards. The fatty-acid methyl ester composition for the biodiesel is composed of 42.71% oleic acid, 13.1% palmitic acid, and 31.51% linoleic acid. The biodiesel showed low oxidation stability which is attributed to high percentage of unsaturation. To address this issue, synthetic antioxidants were added to increase its resistance towards oxidation. By considering all the parameters, the present study reveals that T. Grandis seed oil is reliable for the production of biodiesel with encouraging probability in future.

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Blends of Biodiesels Synthesized from Non-edible and Edible Oils: Effects on the Cold Filter Plugging Point

Cited by 51 publications

References 27 publications

The Effect of Branched‐Chain Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters on the Cold‐Flow Properties of Biodiesel

The Effect of Branched‐Chain Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters on the Cold‐Flow Properties of Biodiesel

Selection of Prediction Methods for Thermophysical Properties for Process Modeling and Product Design of Biodiesel Manufacturing

Prospects of Tectona Grandis as a Feedstock for Biodiesel

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