Blinded, controlled field trial of two commercially available Mycoplasma bovis bacterin vaccines in veal calves

Soehnlen, Marty; Aydın, Adnan; Lengerich, Eugene J.; Houser, Beth A.; Fenton, Ginger D.; Lysczek, Hannah R.; Burns, Carol; Byler, L.; Hattel, Arthur L.; Wolfgang, D.R.; Jayarao, Bhushan M.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.092

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Today, only antimicrobials and sanitary controls are available to combat M. bovis infections. Commercial vaccines are only available in a few countries and their efficacy is subject to debate [11]–[13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overall Decrease in the Susceptibility of Mycoplasma bovis to Antimicrobials over the Past 30 Years in France

et al. 2014

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Mycoplasma (M.) bovis is frequently implicated in respiratory diseases of young cattle worldwide. Today, to combat M. bovis in Europe, only antimicrobial therapy is available, but often fails, leading to important economical losses. The antimicrobial susceptibility of M. bovis is not covered by antimicrobial resistance surveillance networks. The objectives of this study were to identify resistances that were acquired over the last 30 years in France and to determine their prevalence within comtemporary strains. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of 12 antimicrobials, considered active on M. bovis, were compared, using an agar dilution method, between 27 and 46 M. bovis isolates respectively obtained in 1978–1979 and in 2010–2012 from 73 distinct respiratory disease outbreaks in young cattle all over France. For eight antimicrobials, resistances were proven to be acquired over the period and expressed by all contemporary strains. The increase of the MIC value that inhibited 50% of the isolates (MIC50) was: i) substantial for tylosin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin and spectinomycin, from 2 to >64, 2 to >128, 16 to 128 and 4 to >64 µg/mL, respectively, ii) moderate for enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, marbofloxacin and oxytetracycline, from 0.25 to 0.5, 0.25 to 0.5, 0.5 to 1, 32 to >32 µg/mL, respectively. No differences were observed for gamithromycin, tildipirosin, florfenicol and valnemulin with MIC50 of 128, 128, 8, <0.03 µg/mL, respectively. If referring to breakpoint MIC values published for respiratory bovine pathogens, all contemporary isolates would be intermediate in vivo for fluoroquinolones and resistant to macrolides, oxytetracycline, spectinomycin and florfenicol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overall Decrease in the Susceptibility of Mycoplasma bovis to Antimicrobials over the Past 30 Years in France

et al. 2014

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“…European veal production stood at 5.8 million calves in 2008, with the main producers being France, The Netherlands and Italy [1]. Also, in the United States special-fed veal represents a 1 billion dollar industry [2]. Several studies in feedlots and dairy operations have shown that calf diseases have an important impact on economic parameters such as mortality, weight gain and carcass traits and that this impact differs according to management and treatment strategies [3-13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of respiratory disease, diarrhea, otitis and arthritis on mortality and carcass traits in white veal calves

et al. 2013

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BackgroundLittle is known on the effects of common calf diseases on mortality and carcass traits in the white veal industry (special-fed veal), a highly integrated production system, currently criticized for the intensive pro- and metaphylactic use of antimicrobials. The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), diarrhea, arthritis and otitis on the economically important parameters of mortality, hot carcass weight (HCW), carcass quality, fat cover and meat color. For this purpose, a prospective study on 3519 white veal calves, housed in 10 commercial herds, was conducted. Case definitions were based on clinical observation by the producers and written treatment records were used.ResultsCalves received oral antimicrobial group treatments in the milk during 25.2% of the production time on average. With an increasing percentage of the production cycle spent on oral antimicrobials, HCW reduced, whereas the odds for insufficient fat cover or an undesirable red meat color both decreased. Of the calves, 14.8%, 5.3%, 1.5% and 1.6% were individually diagnosed and treated for BRD, diarrhea, arthritis and otitis, respectively. Overall, 5.7% of the calves died and the mortality risk was higher in the first weeks after arrival. Calves that experienced one BRD episode showed a 8.2 kg reduction in HCW, a lower fat cover and an increased mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR) = 5.5), compared to calves which were not individually diagnosed and treated for BRD. With an increasing number of BRD episodes, these losses increased dramatically. Additionally, calves, which experienced multiple BRD episodes, were more likely to have poor carcass quality and an undesirable red meat color at slaughter. Arthritis increased the mortality risk (HR = 3.9), and reduced HCW only when associated with BRD. Otitis did only increase the mortality risk (HR = 7.0). Diarrhea severely increased the mortality risk (HR = 11.0), reduced HCW by 9.2 kg on average and decreased carcass quality.ConclusionsDespite the massive use of group and individual treatments to alleviate the most prevalent health issues at the fattening period, the effects of BRD, diarrhea, otitis and arthritis on survival and performance are still considerable, especially in cases of chronic pneumonia with or without arthritis. Controlling calf health by effective preventive and therapeutic strategies and in particular the prevention of chronic BRD is key for the profitability of veal operations.

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“…While compared to adjuvant A, the number of lung lesions was significantly reduced in the animals receiving Mycomune Ò R, there were no significant differences between these two groups in the number of M. bovis-specific lung lesions. In addition, there were no significant differences on the number of total lesions and M. bovis-specific lesions between the animals that receive the saline solution and those that received Pulmo-Guard TM MpB [59]. The authors concluded neither of the vaccines was efficacious in reducing the number of M. bovis colonizing the upper respiratory track nor in reducing the number of M. bovis-specific lesions.…”

Section: Bacterinsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The last round of inoculation was performed on the calves when they reached 56 days of age and the animals were followed for another 80 days. The IgM, IgG1, IgG2 and IgA titres were determined and the authors found that only the IgG1 titres continued increasing until the of the trial with the rest of the immunoglobulin isotype titres decreasing not long after the last inoculation [59]. There were no significant differences in the titres induced by the vaccines.…”

Section: Bacterinsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Status of the development of a vaccine against Mycoplasma bovis

Perez-Casal¹,

Prysliak²,

Maina³

et al. 2017

Vaccine

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Blinded, controlled field trial of two commercially available Mycoplasma bovis bacterin vaccines in veal calves

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

Overall Decrease in the Susceptibility of Mycoplasma bovis to Antimicrobials over the Past 30 Years in France

Overall Decrease in the Susceptibility of Mycoplasma bovis to Antimicrobials over the Past 30 Years in France

Impact of respiratory disease, diarrhea, otitis and arthritis on mortality and carcass traits in white veal calves

Status of the development of a vaccine against Mycoplasma bovis

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