This study indicated that EST resources from Salvia spp. and Stenogyne rugosa could be successfully used to identify cross-genera transferable e-microsatellite markers for uncharacterized genomes of the genera in the Lamiaceae family. These e-microsatellite markers could allow one to perform comparative analyses of population structure and genomic studies, and facilitate comparative linkage mapping in the genera studied. E-microsatellite primer pairs reported in this manuscript are equivalent to a total of 135 e-microsatellite primer pairs since many e-microsatellite primer pairs show cross-genera transferability.

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The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and incidence of Mycoplasma bovis, a common cause of pneumonia, in veal calves. Using simple random sampling, 252 calves from 4 veal herds located in central Pennsylvania were selected and longitudinally followed for monthly collection of nasal swabs. Bronchial swabs and lung lesions were collected at the slaughterhouse. Nasal, bronchial, and lung lesion swabs were cultured for bacterial respiratory pathogens. Ninety lung lesions were identified, of which 41.1, 1.1, 1.1, 7.8, and 4.4% were culture positive for M. bovis alone, Pasteurella multocida alone, Mannheimia haemolytica alone, M. bovis and P. multocida co-infection, and M. bovis and M. haemolytica co-infection, respectively. The data indicate that potential interventions, such as therapeutics, vaccines, or management control measures, would be most effective before 50 d of age based upon the cumulative incidence of colonization.

IntroductionResearchers in the food industry, academia, and medicine are increasingly interested in medicinal and aromatic plant species in the families Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, and Lamiaceae. Thyme (Thymus L.) is one of the most important genera in the family Lamiaceae. The number of species within this genus is still debatable but it includes about 400 species, many of which are native to the Mediterranean region (Morales, 2002). Based on morphological features, species in the genus Thymus were divided into 2 main subgenera, Thymus and Coridothymus, and 8 sections, which consisted of

Assimilation of sulfur to cysteine occurs in the presence of serine acetyltransferase (SAT). In this study, SAT genes in rice (Oryza sativa) were identi ed and analyzed using bioinformatics approaches. Also, these genes were tested under salt stress. OsSATs have two common motifs, bacterial transferase hexapeptide and acetyltransferase and underwent purifying selection. They have more similar protein sequences compared to Arabidopsis. However, there is structural and functional divergence among OsSATs which may be driven by the segmental and tandem duplications. Purifying selection and gene duplications may also have effect leading to variation of speci city and selectivity of OsSATs. In this regard, Asp (D), His (H), Gly (G), Thr (T), Arg (R), Ala (A), and Leu (L) are identi ed as well-conserved residues in their active sites which have an indicator role on their functions. The OsSATs expressions in different tissues, organs and under hormones showed that jasmonic acid was main hormone inducing the expressions of OsSAT1;1, OsSAT2;1, and OsSAT2;2 whereas auxin and abscisic acid only triggered OsSAT1;1 expression. On the other hand, wet-lab expressions of OsSATs in this study indicated that OsSAT1;1, OsSAT1;2 and OsSAT1;3 genes were upregulated under different exposure times of salt stress. OsSAT1;1 is the only OsSAT induced by various situmuli. The ndings can be used by plant breeders and genetic engineers to develop new rice varieties having optimal growth and stress tolerance.