Blood-Based Biomarkers in Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Including the Viral Genome and Glycosylated Proteins

Hayashi, Sanae; Nonomura, Katsuya; Tanaka, Yasuhito

doi:10.3390/ijms222011051

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 134 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…Mac-2 binding protein (M2BP), a known important player in cell adhesion, is another NAFLD biomarker candidate [291]. For what concerns liver, a source of M2BP is HSC; since Kupffer cells have an increased M2BP production after autocrine or paracrine stimulation, it was suggested that M2BP secreted from HSC may be taken up by Kupffer cells [292]. Based on these premises, the factor is mainly known as a liver fibrosis marker through inflammation in the extracellular matrix [291,293,294].…”

Section: Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress In Nafld/nashmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Smirne

Croce

Benedetto

et al. 2022

Livers

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a challenging disease caused by multiple factors, which may partly explain why it still remains an orphan of adequate therapies. This review highlights the interaction between oxidative stress (OS) and disturbed lipid metabolism. Several reactive oxygen species generators, including those produced in the gastrointestinal tract, contribute to the lipotoxic hepatic (and extrahepatic) damage by fatty acids and a great variety of their biologically active metabolites in a “multiple parallel-hit model”. This leads to inflammation and fibrogenesis and contributes to NAFLD progression. The alterations of the oxidant/antioxidant balance affect also metabolism-related organelles, leading to lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This OS-induced damage is at least partially counteracted by the physiological antioxidant response. Therefore, modulation of this defense system emerges as an interesting target to prevent NAFLD development and progression. For instance, probiotics, prebiotics, diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation represent new therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota dysbiosis. The OS and its counter-regulation are under the influence of individual genetic and epigenetic factors as well. In the near future, precision medicine taking into consideration genetic or environmental epigenetic risk factors, coupled with new OS biomarkers, will likely assist in noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD progression and in further personalizing treatments.

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Section: Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress In Nafld/nashmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Smirne

Croce

Benedetto

et al. 2022

Livers

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“…Protein glycosylation is involved in the regulation of host–pathogen interactions and mediates the adhesion, recognition, invasion and immune evasion of pathogens in host cells, which affects pathogen virulence or host cell resistance. 1183 , 1184 , 1185 , 1186 , 1187 , 1188 COVID‐19 caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is currently a major global health problem. 1189 Protein glycosylation affects the toxicity and viability of SARS‐CoV‐2, which utilizes its highly glycosylated modified spike (S) protein to interact with the glycosylated host receptor ACE2 and to facilitate SARS‐CoV‐2 invasion of host cells.…”

Section: Glycosylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications

Zhong

Xiao

Xie

et al. 2023

MedComm

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Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well‐known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short‐chain and long‐chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.

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“…These four differently sized RNAs transcripts expresses with the help of an enhancer-II/basal core, large surface antigen, major surface antigen as well as an enhancer I/X promoters respectively, thought to play role in progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [8].…”

Section: Hbv Genome Organization and Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight into the Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus in Africa

Hudu¹

2022

jmvi

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Hepatitis viruses (hepatotropic viruses) are classified into five ‎kinds, denoted by the letters A, B, C, D, and E, each with its ‎own unique genotypes, clinical implications, and geographic ‎distribution. Viral hepatitis is a type of liver inflammation that ‎can resolve on its own or proceed to cirrhosis or hepatocellular ‎cancer. Hepatitis A, B, and C infections are the most common ‎types of infectious viral hepatitis. Over the previous five ‎decades, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has exhibited an ‎intermediate or high endemicity level in low-income nations. ‎HBV genotype variation is thought to be crucial in regulating ‎disease development, infection outcome, antiviral therapy ‎response, and illness prognosis. HBV is divided into ten ‎genotypes (A-J) and roughly 40 sub-genotypes, correlated with ‎different geographic distributions, transmission routes, and ‎disease progression. The goal of this study was to figure out ‎the current status of HBV prevalence and genotype distribution ‎in West African countries. HBV genotypes A, D, and E have ‎been reported the most widely prevalent genotypes in Africa so ‎far, while there are limited reports of genotypes B and C. HBV ‎genotype A is shown to be more prevalent in Africa than on ‎other continents, implying that it has an African origin. ‎Genotype D has been found across Africa, particularly in the ‎Mediterranean and North African regions. Except in Africa, HBV ‎genotype E infection is extremely rare, even when infection ‎with this genotype has been recorded outside of Africa, it has ‎virtually always been in African origin people. Within Africa, ‎HBV genotype E is abundant and broad across the continent, ‎reaching from Senegal's west coast to Namibia's southwestern ‎tip and eastward to the Central African Republic. These ‎epidemiological findings and differences have important ‎implications for the immunization, antiviral therapy, and clinical ‎outcomes of HBV on a national and regional level.‎

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Blood-Based Biomarkers in Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Including the Viral Genome and Glycosylated Proteins

Cited by 15 publications

References 134 publications

Oxidative Stress in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Oxidative Stress in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications

An Insight into the Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus in Africa

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