Blood Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Chemotaxis During Experimental Escherichia coli Bovine Mastitis

Kremer, W.D.J.; Noordhuizen-Stassen, E.N.; Grommers, F.J.; Daemen, A.J.J.M.; Brand, A.; Burvenich, Christian

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(93)77596-7

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…During the first stages of experimental mastitis, the chemotactic response of leukocytes decreased in both, moderately and severely infected animals. The recovery of the chemotactic response of the leukocytes occurred more rapidly in moderately than in severely diseased cows [124]. It has been observed that early after challenge phagocytosis decreases in circulating PMN, but the initial decrease occurred faster in severely affected cows.…”

Section: Circulating Leukocytesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The sporadic detection of limited LPS amounts in plasma contrasts with the massive LPS amounts that are released in the mammary gland during E. coli mastitis [246]. In the LPS model, the inflammatory reaction is induced by "bolus injection"; in the E. coli infection model, LPS is released during several hours [64,93,97,124,161,167,210,244,245]. Most LPS mastitis models described in literature are performed after peak lactation.…”

Section: Endotoxin As Systemic Mediatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The early postpartum period is a period of high risk for severe clinical mastitis because of extreme sensitivity for a number of animals for I.M. infection with ordinary environmental bacteria such as coliforms [93,124,125,245]. Severe clinical mastitis with grave systemic symptoms typically occurs around parturition and during early lactation.…”

Section: Stage Of Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors

et al. 2003

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-Intramammary infections of dairy cows with Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (major cause of mastitis) have received a lot of attention because of their major economic impact on the dairy farm through production losses induced by an increase in somatic cell count. Management strategies, including greater awareness for efficient milking and hygienic measures, have limited the spread of Gram-positive bacteria and resulted in a significant decrease of proportion of S. aureus isolates and subclinical mastitis worldwide. Other organisms such as coliform subspecies and Streptococcus uberis, both environmental bacteria that cause clinical mastitis, have received less attention. Escherichia coli causes inflammation of the mammary gland in dairy cows around parturition and during early lactation with striking local and sometimes severe systemic clinical symptoms. This disease affects many high producing cows in dairy herds and may cause several cases of death per year in the most severe cases. It is well known that bacterial, cow and environmental factors are interdependent and influence mastitis susceptibility. Many studies, executed during the last decade, indicate that the severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors rather than by E. coli pathogenicity. During E. coli mastitis, the host defense status is a cardinal factor determining the outcome of the disease. Today, we know that the neutrophil is a key factor in the cows' defense against intramammary infection with E. coli. Effective elimination of the pathogen by neutrophils is important for the resolution of infection and the outcome of E. coli mastitis. This review is a compilation of some major findings over the last 15 years concerning mainly host factors that modulate and influence neutrophil function and the mammary inflammatory reaction. The individual chapters address: virulence factors of E. coli strains, how neutrophils kill E. coli, connection between endotoxins, tumor necrosis factor-a and nitric oxide, severity classification of E. coli mastitis, lifespan of neutrophils, host factors that influence severity, tissue damage and production loss.

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Section: Circulating Leukocytesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Endotoxin As Systemic Mediatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stage Of Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors

et al. 2003

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“…Kehrli et al (1989) hypothesized that an immunosuppression may occur during the periparturient period and therefore predisposes the dairy cow to new infections. Several of the altered neutrophil functions were found to be related to the severity of experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis during early lactation Lohuis et al, 1990;Kremer et al, 1993;Van Werven et al, 1997). The number of leukocytes prior to infection was also decreased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Functional Maturation during Bovine Granulopoiesis

Merris

Meyer

Burvenich

2002

Journal of Dairy Science

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Granulocytic precursor cells undergo morphologic changes in the nucleus and the cytoplasm during the process of granulopoiesis, which takes place in the bone marrow. These changes are associated with the development of stage-specific proteins necessary for the highly specialized roles of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in phagocytosis, bacterial killing, and in mediating the inflammatory process. The objective of the current study was to sequence the various events that occur upon functional development of granulocytic bone marrow cells in the bovine species.Cells were obtained from the bone marrow of clinically healthy cows and separated into different stages of maturation using density gradient centrifugation. Three cellular fractions were obtained that were enriched for either early immature, late immature or mature granulocytic cells. Functions and receptor expressions assessed in the three maturation stages were: FcIgG 2 receptor and CD11b expression, phagocytosis of Escherichia coli, respiratory burst activity, and cellular myeloperoxidase activity. Immature cells expressed already Fc-IgG 2 receptor and CD11b on their cytoplasma membrane. Phagocytic ability was acquired in the myelocytic stage, but only the more mature forms were readily capable of phagocytosis. Promyelocytes, myelocytes and metamyelocytes showed no respiratory burst activity. Only band and segmented cells produced reactive oxygen species. Myeloperoxidase was present at all stages of maturity. Thus, each of the maturation stages was characterized by a selective expression of one or more functions and receptors. Therefore, sequential biochemical maturation is postulated during bovine granulopoiesis. 2859side scatter, F = fluorescence, MFI = mean fluorescence intensity, MPO = myeloperoxidase, PI = propidium iodide, PMA = phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, PMN = polymorphonuclear leukocytes, ROS = reactive oxygen species.

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“…Impaired PMNL chemotaxis has been shown to lead to a more severe disease status (Van Werven et al, 1997). During experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis in cows, the capability of PMNL to respond to chemotactic stimuli has been shown to relate negatively to the outcome of the disease (Kremer et al, 1993). Following acute infection, a decrease in L-selectin expression on peripheral blood PMNL was reported (Diez Fraile et al, 2003) and was accompanied by a concomitant leukopenia and shift in the circulating PMNL pool from mature to immature forms (Heyneman et al, 1990;Van Oostveldt et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

l-Selectin and Chemotaxis Throughout Bone Marrow Granulocyte Maturation in the Bovine

Monfardini

Merris

Paape³

et al. 2004

Journal of Dairy Science

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Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNL) play a pivotal role during inflammation. Bone marrow (BM) reserves are depleted as cells are released into circulation for recruitment to infection sites. Expression of L-selectin on the cell membrane allows neutrophils to roll along the activated endothelium. Whereas mechanisms leading to recruitment to infection sites are well established, expression of BM adhesion molecules in cows is limited. In this study, we assessed Lselectin expression and chemotactic response to zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) in bovine BM cells and in circulating neutrophils. Isolated blood PMNL and BM cells were used from 9 dairy cows, for quantifying Lselectin expression using flow cytometry, and from 12 dairy cows for chemotaxis studies. All granulocytic maturation stages expressed L-selectin. The percentage of cells fluorescing increased significantly in BM band and mature granulocytes and reached maximal expression on circulating neutrophils. Bone marrow band and segmented cells showed the highest L-selectin density. Chemotaxis through micropore filters in response to zymosan-activated fetal bovine serum was first observed in the myelocytic and metamyelocytic stages, and it increased with maturation and release into the blood stream. From these results, we conclude that Lselectin expression varies among stages of granulocytic maturation within the BM and differs from circulating PMNL. Further, BM cells are capable of migration starting at the metamyelocytic stage, and compared with BM cells, circulating neutrophils are more chemotactively active. 3350Abbreviation key: BM = bone marrow, %F = percentage of cells fluorescing, MFI = mean fluorescence intensity, SDF = stromal-derived factor, ZAS = zymosanactivated serum.

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Blood Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Chemotaxis During Experimental Escherichia coli Bovine Mastitis

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors

Severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors

Functional Maturation during Bovine Granulopoiesis

l-Selectin and Chemotaxis Throughout Bone Marrow Granulocyte Maturation in the Bovine

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