Body dissatisfaction in interaction with self-esteem, peer influence and dietary restraint: A systematic review / Insatisfacción corporal en interacción con autoestima, influencia de pares y dieta restrictiva: Una revisión

Abstract

Abstract. Several researches have been realized in order to understand the role of body dissatisfaction in the development of Eating Disorders (ED). Despite this, there are few reviews that permit have insight in what has been found and where future research should be addressed. So, the aim of this paper was to make a systematic review of those articles in which was evaluated body dissatisfaction in interactions with biopsychosocial factors. For this was done a search in the databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Science Direct, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria established, 44 articles were analyzed. Women and teenagers were the major focus on research about body dissatisfaction, this review can also be noted that although body dissatisfaction has been widely studied, there are still inconsistencies between research, which can be explained by the age of the participants, the measures used, study design, among others. For this, it is considered appropriate to further expand the studies related to this issue not only in female adolescents, but also in those samples less studied, taking into account the failures methodological identified in this paper.Key words: Eating disorders, body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, peer influence, dietary restraint.Resumen. Diversas investigaciones se han realizado con la finalidad de conocer el papel de la insatisfacción corporal en el desarrollo de los Trastornos del Comportamiento Alimentario (TCA). A pesar de esto, son pocas las revisiones que permiten tener una visión de lo qué se ha encontrado y hacia dónde deben dirigirse futuras investigaciones. Por lo cual, el objetivo de este escrito fue hacer una revisión sistemática de aquellos artículos en los cuales se evaluó la insatisfacción corporal en interacción con factores biopsicosociales. Para esto se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos de MEDLINE, PsycINFO y Science Direct, de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos, se analizaron 44 artículos. La población femenina y los adolescentes fueron los principales focos de atención en las investigaciones que abordan la insatisfacción corporal, además esta revisión permite observar que a pesar de que la insatisfacción corporal ha sido ampliamente estudiada, aún hay inconsistencias entre investigaciones, las cuales pueden ser explicadas a partir de la edad de los participantes, los instrumentos empleados, el diseño del estudio, entre otras. Es por ello que se considera pertinente seguir extendiendo los estudios relacionados a esta temática no sólo en mujeres adolescentes, sino también en aquellas muestras menos estudiadas, teniendo en cuenta las deficiencias metodológicas señaladas en este escrito. Palabras clave: Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, insatisfacción corporal, autoestima, influencia de pares, dieta restrictiva.

Gender differences existing in the general population in relation to body dissatisfaction associated with the ideal of beauty: a systematic review / Diferencias de género existentes en la población general en relación a la insatisfacción corporal asociada al ideal de belleza: una revisión sistemática

“…However, we must be cautious when interpreting the results, as there is no clear balance between the sample number of females and males participating in such studies (the volume of the female population studied was significantly greater than the male population). One possible reason for this could be that throughout history, females have always been considered as most vulnerable and most at risk of developing eating disorders (Amaya et al, 2010; Laus et al, 2014). Studies that did take into account the limitations of the samples — an unbalanced proportion of females and males — found that the male population also feels dissatisfied with their body image, manifesting, as females do, a greater desire to lose weight or stay slim, along with a desire to increase their muscle mass.…”

“…En cuya formación intervienen, con distinto peso, factores de carácter: individual, social y cultural. Entre los cuales, cobran especial relevancia ‘los modelos estéticos corporales’ (Amaya, Álvarez, & Mancilla, 2010; Bully, Elosua, & López-Jáuregui, 2012).…”

“…Con motivo de las diferencias de género asociadas al ideal de belleza encontradas por investigaciones anteriores, Amaya et al (2010) desarrollaron una revisión en el periodo de 2000 a 2009 con población adolescente donde concluyen que la insatisfacción corporal difiere en cuanto al género, especialmente, en la adolescencia. Estos autores, dejan entrever que, la insatisfacción con el cuerpo, también puede tener su origen en el deseo de mayor peso y/o tono muscular, independientemente del género.…”

“…We can thus conclude that body dissatisfaction is a variable that has significant individual and social consequences, and that it is made up of individual, social and cultural factors, each with different weightings. Among these, ‘aesthetic body models’ are particularly relevant (Amaya, Álvarez, & Mancilla, 2010; Bully, Elosua, & López-Jáuregui, 2012).…”

“…Motivated by gender differences associated with the ideal of beauty found in previous research, Amaya et al (2010) carried out a review of studies made during the 2000 to 2009 period using the adolescent population; they concluded that body dissatisfaction differs in terms of gender, especially in adolescence. These authors suggest that body dissatisfaction may also have its origin in the desire for greater weight and/or muscle tone, regardless of gender.…”