Body dysmorphic disorder in outpatients with major depression

Nierenberg, Andrew A.; Phillips, Katharine A.; Petersen, Timothy; Kelly, Kathleen Coyne; Alpert, Jonathan E.; Worthington, John J.; Tedlow, Joyce; Rosenbaum, Jerrold F.; Fava, Maurizio

doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(01)00304-4

Cited by 55 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…8,9 To better understand BDD and its pathogenesis, researchers have examined the relationship of BDD to other disorders with similar symptomatology-in particular, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and mood disorders. [10][11][12] However, the relationship of BDD to eating disorders has received very little investigation, even though BDD is a body image disorder. 13,14 Like eating disorders, BDD is characterized by excessive concerns about physical appearance and Method: Two hundred individuals with DSM-IV (4th ed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidity of body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders: Severity of psychopathology and body image disturbance

Ruffolo

Phillips

Menard

et al. 2006

Int. J. Eat. Disord.

196

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidity of body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders: Severity of psychopathology and body image disturbance

Ruffolo

Phillips

Menard

et al. 2006

Int. J. Eat. Disord.

196

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“…One study [8] found that depressed patients with comorbid BDD (n=28) had a mean overall social adjustment score of 2.6±0.6, which was 3.1 SD units poorer than community norms, although their SAS-SR scores were comparable to those of depressed subjects without comorbid BDD (n=322). Our group recently found a mean SAS-SR overall social adjustment score of 2.37±.52 in 126 broadly ascertained subjects with BDD [4], which was markedly poorer than community norms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Persons with BDD are often single, avoid dating, have a significant reduction in the quality of their relationships and have high levels of social isolation [3,4]. Despite this disorder's severity, social functioning in BDD has received only limited attention.In a study of 188 individuals with BDD, 99% reported moderate, severe, or extreme lifetime impairment in social functioning [2] To our knowledge, only two studies [4,8] have examined social functioning in BDD using the Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS-SR; [9]). One study [8] found that depressed patients with comorbid BDD (n=28) had a mean overall social adjustment score of 2.6±0.6, which was 3.1 SD units poorer than community norms, although their SAS-SR scores were comparable to those of depressed subjects without comorbid BDD (n=322).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, only two studies [4,8] have examined social functioning in BDD using the Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS-SR; [9]). One study [8] found that depressed patients with comorbid BDD (n=28) had a mean overall social adjustment score of 2.6±0.6, which was 3.1 SD units poorer than community norms, although their SAS-SR scores were comparable to those of depressed subjects without comorbid BDD (n=322).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Social Functioning in Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Assessment Considerations

et al. 2006

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Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) have markedly poor social functioning; however, previous reports may underestimate impairment. Scoring on certain functioning measures such as the Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS-SR) potentially excludes more severely ill individuals from some domains, thereby possibly underestimating functional impairment. To explore this issue, 73 individuals with BDD who reported having no primary relationship (and were therefore excluded from scoring on the SAS-SR Primary Relationship domain) were compared to 58 individuals with BDD who had a primary relationship. Subjects without a primary relationship had significantly poorer global social adjustment on several measures. They also had poorer scores on the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale and greater severity of BDD and depressive symptoms at a trend level. These findings suggest that the SAS-SR may underestimate social impairment. This underestimation may pertain to other domains of functioning, other disorders, and certain other functioning and quality of life measures. KeywordsBody dysmorphic disorder; Dysmorphophobia; Social adjustment; Assessment Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a relatively common disorder that consists of a distressing or impairing preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in appearance [1]. Individuals with BDD have very poor psychosocial functioning, markedly poor quality of life, and high rates of suicidal ideation poor and attempts [2]. Social impairment, in particular, appears to be nearly universal in BDD [2]. Persons with BDD are often single, avoid dating, have a significant reduction in the quality of their relationships and have high levels of social isolation [3,4]. Despite this disorder's severity, social functioning in BDD has received only limited attention.In a study of 188 individuals with BDD, 99% reported moderate, severe, or extreme lifetime impairment in social functioning [2] To our knowledge, only two studies [4,8] have examined social functioning in BDD using the Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS-SR; [9]). One study [8] found that depressed patients with comorbid BDD (n=28) had a mean overall social adjustment score of 2.6±0.6, which was 3.1 SD units poorer than community norms, although their SAS-SR scores were comparable to those of depressed subjects without comorbid BDD (n=322). Our group recently found a mean SAS-SR overall social adjustment score of 2.37±.52 in 126 broadly ascertained subjects with BDD [4], which was markedly poorer than community norms. Effect sizes across all SAS-SR domains were very large (d=0.82-2.07). In addition, more severe BDD symptoms were significantly correlated with poorer overall social adjustment (r=.37, p < .0001).Even though SAS-SR scores in these studies were notably poor, these findings may actually underestimate social impairment in BDD. Scoring on the SAS-SR systematically excludes possibly more seriously ill individuals from certain subscales, thereby potentially minimizing impairment in social functi...

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“…Tanto en TDC como en TCA existe un fuerte traslape con trastornos del ánimo, especialmente con la depresión mayor, de inicio temprano y duración más prolongada 33 , de hecho, co-ocurriría en ambos cuadros más prevalentemente que en la población general 24,27,34 (75% de los pacientes con TDC evidenciaría depresión concomitante) 24 . Al respecto, Didie et al detectaron que hasta 79% de los portadores de TDC poseían antecedentes de abuso (56% emocional, 35% físico y 28% sexual) y negligencia infantil (68% emocional y 33% física), provocando una mayor severidad del desorden 35 .…”

Section: Espectro Afectivounclassified

Trastorno dismórfico corporal: aspectos clínicos, dimensiones nosológicas y controversias con la anorexia nerviosa

et al. 2016

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Body dysmorphic disorder: clinical aspects, nosological dimensions and controversies with anorexia nervosa There is strong evidence about the co-existence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and eating disorders (ED), particularly with anorexia nervosa (ANL as distorsiones cognitivas respecto de la apariencia son centrales en el trastorno dismórfico corporal (TDC), cuyos portadores demuestran preocupación por defectos físicos imaginarios, leves o aún invisibles a los demás y en algunos casos próximos a una condición delirante, que se gestaría desde la idea sobrevalorada, con una alta ponderación de las creencias individuales, surgidas a partir de fuertes sentimientos en torno a defectos auto-percibidos que eclipsan la introspección cognitivo-racional. La entidad parece ser relativamente común en la población general y en contextos psiquiátricos, dermatológicos y de cirugía cosmética 1 . La relación entre el TDC y los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) se expresa principalmente en la anorexia nerviosa (AN), mas su intercurrencia ha sido escasamente investigada y diagnosticada 2 , traduciéndose en una severa discapacidad psicosocial, con deficiente calidad de vida e incluso alto riesgo suicida 3 . La etiología precisa del TDC es desconocida, pero se plantea un considerable componente hereditario, pues el trastorno se presenta hasta ocho veces más frecuentemente en las familias con antecedentes de la patología. Se han verificado anormalidades en la función ejecutiva, el reconocimiento emocional y la auto-percepción visual, siendo la serotonina un modulador conductualmente relevante 4 .

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Body dysmorphic disorder in outpatients with major depression

Cited by 55 publications

References 17 publications

Comorbidity of body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders: Severity of psychopathology and body image disturbance

Comorbidity of body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders: Severity of psychopathology and body image disturbance

Social Functioning in Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Assessment Considerations

Trastorno dismórfico corporal: aspectos clínicos, dimensiones nosológicas y controversias con la anorexia nerviosa

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