Body mass index, general fatness, lipid profile and bone mineral density in young women and men

Abstract

AbstrAct:The bone tissue is metabolically active. Throughout the entire life, it undergoes changes in the form of bone resorption processes which are successive, with the participation of the resorbing cells and bone formation processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate mineral density and bone mass tissue and the lipid profile, BMI, total body fat in young females and males. The study involved 100 people (50 females and 50 males) studying in Warsaw at the age of 23,2 ± 4,0 years. The densitometry method of the forearm was used for the assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mass (BMC). The method of bioelectrical impedance was used for the assessment of body components. Basic body dimensions and indicators were assessed using anthropometric measurements. Body height, body mass and the needs for the densitometry study of the forearm were measured. The total cholesterol concentration was determined in the blood serum using diagnostic kits, as well as high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and triglycerides. The concentration of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) was calculated. While in men the occurrence of a significant, positive correlation was stated between the concentration of the HDL cholesterol fraction and the mineral density and T-score index in the ultra-distal point, the analysis of the compounds of mineral density (BMD), bone mass (BMC) of the forearm, T-score index with somatic features in women showed a significant, positive relation between the body weight and the bone mass mineral density and T-score indicator in the proximal point. Also, a significant weak, positive correlation was observed between the BMI, the mineral density and T-score indicator in the proximal point. In men, the occurrence of significant, positive correlations was stated between the body weight and BMC, BMD, T-score indicator in the proximal point of the forearm bone and ultra-distal point. Similar relations were observed between the BMI, mineral density, T-score and bone mass in the proximal point and in the ultra-distal point. Based on several noted weak, positive correlations between the lipid profile and BMD, the results of this study of women and men cannot unequivocally indicate the dependence of the bone tissue state on the lipid level in the blood serum of young women and men. Therefore, the issues raised require further investigation.

Relationship of Age, Body Mass Index, Bone Density, and Menopause Duration with Alveolar Bone Resorption in Postmenopausal Women

“…Based on the age-cutting value of the ROC curve, the majority of subjects were aged >54.50 years (Table 2), which agrees with the study of postmenopausal women and dividing the subject's ages to <50 and >50 years [4,22]. It has been demonstrated that menopause and age >50 years is a risk factor for the occurrence of osteopenia and osteoporosis [6,21]. According to previous studies, the age distribution of menopause ranges from 40 years to 54 years and generally clusters at the age of 45 to 55 years [23].…”

“…Body mass index (BMI) is an inexpensive and simple method for assessing an individual's nutritional status but it does not directly measure body fat. Measurements and assessments using BMI are associated with deficiency and excess nutritional status [6].…”

Bone Mineral Density in Adolescent Boys: Cross-Sectional Observational Study

“…In the proximal segment, a high percentage of low BMD is particularly worrying also in the same groups of boys (in 70.6% of non-athletes and 83.3% of swimmers). Among children [ 47 ], young adults [ 14 , 17 , 48 ], and physically inactive adults and older adults [ 6 , 10 ], the frequency of low BMD is higher than in peers undertaking regular PA. On the other hand, not all types of physical exercise and forms of movement have shown positive effects on BMD and BMC. Swimming training improves mental health parameters, cognitive abilities and motor coordination of children and adolescents [ 49 ], but at the same time does not produce osteogenic benefits [ 34 ].…”

“…The relationships between bone health and body composition are sometimes contradictory [ 15 ]. In the adult population, BMD often shows a stronger correlation with the body mass index (BMI) and lean body mass, and much smaller with body fat mass [ 16 , 17 ]. Some studies of healthy mature adolescents and young adults have shown that high levels of adipose tissue are not beneficial for bone structure [ 18 ] or show no significant relationship [ 12 ].…”