Objective: To analyze the relationship between age, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), and alveolar bone resorption with menopause duration in postmenopausal women. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was developed involving 59 subjects, aged 45 to 80 years and categorized the duration of menopause as ≤5 years and >5 years. Body mass index measurement and menopause duration were collected. Bone loss seen on radiography was measured by drawing a vertical line from the cementoenamel in the distal part of the 36 teeth and the mesial portion of 46 teeth to the base of the bone marked by the lamina dura intact. Categorical determinations of age, BMI, BMD, and alveolar bone resorption were based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Were used Pearson correlation and Spearman correlation tests with the significance level set at 5%. Results: The majority of subjects (54.2%) with menopause duration >5 years were aged >54.5 years, most had BMI >24.2 kg/m 2 (39%), had bone resorption >2.95 mm (52.5%), and had bone density ≤73.89 (49.2%). Pearson and Spearman correlation tests showed no significant correlation between age, BMI, bone density, and alveolar bone resorption (p>0.05). Conclusion: The longer the duration of menopause showed a tendency for lower bone density and higher age, BMI, and bone resorption.

Objective: To analyze the differences in periodontal severity between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 63 subjects, comprising 27 perimenopausal and 36 postmenopausal women, aged 45-59 years, was conducted in East Jakarta. The women were interviewed regarding their perimenopausal and postmenopausal status; they underwent a periodontal examination for periodontal pockets, attachment loss, gingival recession, plaque index, debris index, calculus index, oral hygiene index, papilla bleeding index, and tooth mobility. Independent T-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for bivariate analysis. Results: There were significant differences (p<0.05) in age between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women (p=0.01); however, no significant differences (p>0.05) in gingival recession (p=0.33) or tooth mobility (p=0.84) were observed. Independent t-test revealed no significant differences in pocket depth (p=0.95), attachment loss (p=0.71), plaque index (p=0.89), debris index (p=0.52), calculus index (p=0.46), oral hygiene index (p=0.48), or papilla bleeding index (p=0.63) between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Conclusion: There was no difference in periodontal severity between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women; however, the current study obtained valuable information regarding periodontal severity in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Background: Postmenopausal women exhibit reduced bone mineralization, which causes bone resorption, including that of alveolar bone. Parathyroid hormone has been shown to play a role in alveolar bone resorption. Objective: This study aims to analyze relationships between parathyroid hormone and other factors that may contribute to alveolar bone resorption in postmenopausal women. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 82 postmenopausal women aged 50–74 years, who resided in Central and East Jakarta, Indonesia. Subjects' data were obtained through questionnaires, dental examinations, and blood collection for the examination of parathyroid hormone levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and using panoramic radiography to measure bone resorption. Results: Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between parathyroid hormone level (p = 0.005) and extent of alveolar bone resorption, but age (p = 0.292), menopausal duration (p = 0.244), and number of missing teeth (p = 0.517) were not significantly correlated with the extent of alveolar bone resorption. Conclusion: Various factors play a role in the mechanism of bone resorption, so knowing the role of each factor is expected to reduce the effects of alveolar bone resorption that occurs in postmenopause. Among the factors investigated in this study, the parathyroid hormone was the sole factor correlated with postmenopausal alveolar bone resorption.

Abstract-Increasing age, especially in postmenopausal women, shows a decline in anabolic hormones activity and an increase in anti-anabolic hormones activity. This causes bone resorption and may lead to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a degenerative disorder marked by decrease in bone mass because of imbalance between bone resorption and formation. Bone strength is determined by morphology, bone structure & geometry, bone remodelling and quality of extracellular matrix. The balance in bone resorption and formation determines bone density and affects one's susceptibility to bone fracture. Bone resorption is affected by bone metabolism process on cellular level, and on edentulous areas is more affected by hormonal, nutritional and metabolism factors. Morrison and Coll have found that there are many polymorphisms in osteoporosis etiopathogenesis, some among them showing a large influence on BMD (Bone mineral density) compared to others, including Estrogen, VDR, COLIA1, PTH, PTHR1,and encoding genes for some cytokines and growth factors.

Background: Changes in steroidal sex hormones in peri- and post-menopausal women affect their bodies, including their periodontal tissues. Disorders of periodontal tissues can impact the patient’s quality of life, so a valid instrument in measuring quality of life is needed in order to know how much periodontitis affects the quality of life of sufferers in peri and postmenopausal women. Objective: This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the quality of life questionnaire for patients with periodontitis (modified Indonesian version). Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation was tested in peri- and post-menopausal women aged 45–59 years. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was examined among 268 women, who lived in Jakarta and were undergoing a periodontal examination to determine periodontitis severity. Results: Cronbach’s α coefficients for internal consistency were: 0.929 (questions related to gums) and 0.942 (questions related to teeth); The test-retest reliability was good as determined based on a test–repeat test involving 27 women; the interclass coefficient was 0.880 (questions related to gums) and 0.878 (questions related to teeth). The construct validity of the questionnaire (questions related to gums and teeth) showed that the questionnaire was significantly associated with oral health and food taste (P<0.001). The discriminant validity of the questionnaire, the influence of the gums on speaking difficulties (P=0.011) and family life (P=0.025) and the influence of the teeth on family life (P=0.020) and mood (P=0.019) could enable differentiation of periodontal severity in peri- and post-menopausal women. Conclusion: This study confirmed the reliability and validity of the quality of life questionnaire for patients with periodontitis (modified Indonesian version) in peri- and post-menopausal women, therefore this questionnaire can be used to measure the quality of life of periodontitis patients in peri and postmenopause in Indonesia.