Bolt axial stress measurement based on a mode-converted ultrasound method using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer

Ding, Xu; Wu, Xiaowen; Wang, Yugang

doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2013.11.003

Cited by 65 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The idea of bolt force monitoring discussed in this paper is based on measurements of elastic waves. It was confirmed by Kim and Hong [14] and Ding et al [15] that even a relatively small change in a bolt force will affect the signals measured (its time of flight, amplitude, frequency, etc.). Changes in the tension force have an influence on the shortening/elongation of the screw.…”

Section: The Idea Of Force Monitoring In Boltsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Application of Elastic Waves and Neural Networks for the Prediction of Forces in Bolts of Flange Connections Subjected to Static Tension Tests

Nazarko¹,

Ziemiański²

2020

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is a group of measurement techniques that can be used in the task of force identification in steel bolts. In this paper, the potential of elastic wave propagation signals was studied for possible application in force monitoring systems. A series of laboratory tests was carried out on flange connections subjected to static tensile tests. Each one contained six screws of the same diameter. Four bolts were equipped with washer load cells. Alternatively, selected bolts were equipped with piezoelectric transducers (actuator and sensor) in order to measure the elastic wave signals. Principal components analysis, time of arrival, and neural network compression were used for dimensionality reduction of the measured signals. Examples of the obtained results with respect to the studied connections show that the tension forces in bolts can be estimated with relatively good accuracy.

show abstract

Section: The Idea Of Force Monitoring In Boltsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Application of Elastic Waves and Neural Networks for the Prediction of Forces in Bolts of Flange Connections Subjected to Static Tension Tests

Nazarko¹,

Ziemiański²

2020

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been observed that this method provides sufficient resolution to estimate an axial stress less than 10% of the yield stress of the material with a maximum error of 5%. Ding et al [49,50] used the electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) to generate a transverse wave at the end of the bolt and obtained the longitudinal wave from the reflection of the transverse wave using mode conversion, as shown in Figure 12. In this figure, the bolt is simplified as a cylindrical specimen, S 1 is the path of the incident transverse wave, S 2 is the path of the reflected transverse wave, S 3 is the path of the reflected longitudinal wave, α T is the emission angle of the incident transverse wave, θ T is the incident angle of the incident transverse wave, γ T is the reflection angle of the reflected transverse wave, and γ L is the reflection angle of the reflected longitudinal wave.…”

Section: The Bi-wave Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this figure, the bolt is simplified as a cylindrical specimen, S 1 is the path of the incident transverse wave, S 2 is the path of the reflected transverse wave, S 3 is the path of the reflected longitudinal wave, α T is the emission angle of the incident transverse wave, θ T is the incident angle of the incident transverse wave, γ T is the reflection angle of the reflected transverse wave, and γ L is the reflection angle of the reflected longitudinal wave. Through the path analysis of the mode-converted ultrasound, the following theoretical model was established [49]:…”

Section: The Bi-wave Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For EMAT, the process of energy transduction involves the multi-physics coupling of electro-magnetic-force-acoustic, which results in low conversion efficiency and difficulty in exciting the longitudinal wave on the end faces of ferromagnetic bolts [64,65]. Accordingly, a shear-wave EMAT has been used for detection but energy compensation was required [25,49]. Currently, the primary difficulty of applying EMAT is the need to optimize its excitation and receiving devices to improve the energy conversion efficiency.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Coupling Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Research Review of Principles and Methods for Ultrasonic Measurement of Axial Stress in Bolts

Pan

Shao

et al. 2020

Chin. J. Mech. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bolts are important fasteners indispensable in the manufacturing field for their advantages, which include convenient assembly and disassembly, easy maintenance, refastenability to prevent looseness, and the avoidance of a phase change in the connected material composition. The precise control of the tightening force in bolts is closely related to the safety and reliability of the connected equipment or structure. Although there are many methods for estimating the tightening force applied to a bolt during assembly, poor accuracy in controlling the preload during the tightening process and a lack of monitoring to determine the residual axial force in service remain issues in evaluating the safety of bolted assemblies. As a nondestructive testing technology, ultrasonic measurement can be applied to successfully address these issues. In order to help researchers understand the theoretical basis and technological development in this field and to equip them to conduct further in-depth research, in this review, the basic knowledge describing the state of stress and deformation of bolts, as well as conventional testing methods are summarized and analyzed. Then, through a review of recent research of the ultrasonic measurement of the axial stress in bolts, the influence of the effective stressed length and temperature are analyzed and proposed methods of calibration and compensation are reviewed. In order to avoid coupling errors caused by traditional piezoelectric transducers, two newly proposed ultrasonic coupling technologies, the electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) and the permanent mounted transducer system (PMTS), are reviewed. Finally, the new direction of research of the detection of residual axial stress in in-service bolts that have been assembled to yield is discussed.

show abstract

“…A self-developed EMAT testing system is utilized [ 35 ]. The experimental setup is schematically illustrated in Figure 11 .…”

Section: Experimental Investigation Of the Proposed Ematsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Longitudinal Mode Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) Based on a Permanent Magnet Chain for Pipe Inspection

Cong

Qian

2016

Sensors

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) design, employing a special structure of the permanent magnet chain, is proposed to generate and receive longitudinal guided waves for pipe inspection based on the magnetostriction mechanism. Firstly, a quantitative analysis of the excitation forces shows the influence of the radial component can be ignored. Furthermore, as the axial component of the static magnetic field is dominant, a method of solenoid testing coils connected in series is adopted to increase the signal amplitude. Then, two EMAT configurations are developed to generate and receive the L(0,2) guided wave mode. The experimental results show the circumferential notch can be identified and located successfully. Finally, a detailed investigation of the performance of the proposed EMATs is given. Compared to the conventional EMAT configuration, the proposed configurations have the advantages of small volume, light weight, easy installation and portability, which is helpful to improve inspection efficiency.

show abstract

Bolt axial stress measurement based on a mode-converted ultrasound method using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer

Cited by 65 publications

References 18 publications

Application of Elastic Waves and Neural Networks for the Prediction of Forces in Bolts of Flange Connections Subjected to Static Tension Tests

Application of Elastic Waves and Neural Networks for the Prediction of Forces in Bolts of Flange Connections Subjected to Static Tension Tests

Research Review of Principles and Methods for Ultrasonic Measurement of Axial Stress in Bolts

A Longitudinal Mode Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) Based on a Permanent Magnet Chain for Pipe Inspection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About