Bond durability of universal adhesives to intact enamel surface in different etching modes

Abstract

This study aimed at determining the enamel bond durability of universal adhesives to intact enamel (IE) and ground enamel (GE) in different etching modes under thermal cycling (TC) and fatigue stresses. Two universal adhesives and a two‐step self‐etch adhesive were used. Enamel specimens were divided into four groups by treatment: (i) GE in etch‐and‐rinse, (ii) IE in etch‐and‐rinse, (iii) GE in self‐etch, and (iv) IE in self‐etch. Bonded specimens were subjected to TC, and then shear bond strengths (SBS) were conducted. SBS tests were also conducted after storage in 37°C water for 24 h (baseline). For shear fatigue strength (SFS) testing, bonded specimens were subjected to fatigue stress at a frequency of 10 Hz for 50,000 cycles. At baseline, all adhesives showed significantly higher SBS values with GE than IE in self‐etch mode in contrast to in etch‐and‐rinse mode. After TC, the universal adhesives with IE showed lower SBS values than the baseline, regardless of the etching mode. Universal adhesives showed significantly lower SFS values with IE in etch‐and‐rinse, but not in self‐etch mode. Phosphoric acid pre‐etching or grinding of the aprismatic enamel may be helpful in establishing reliable initial and long‐term bonds to enamel when using universal adhesives in self‐etch mode.

Effect of Adhesive Application Method on the Enamel Bond Durability of a Two-Step Adhesive System Utilizing a Universal Adhesive-Derived Primer

“…Most of the application groups and adhesive systems demonstrated significantly higher SBS values in the ER mode than in the SE mode. This was in line with previous studies, which showed that phosphoric acid pre-etching before the application of a primer contributes to enhanced immediate and durable enamel bond performance [25,26]. However, none of the adhesives in Group III after TC showed any significant differences in SBS between the ER and SE modes, apart from GU at TC 10,000.…”

Bond Strength of Low-Viscosity Bulk-Fill Composite and Adhesives Using 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate (10-Mdp)

“…Adhesives with silane (PBE and TUB) or without silane (iBOND and AEB) demonstrated comparable TBS in the young and old groups regardless of the silane level. These results concur with those of Moritake et al, [15] Suzuki et al, [25], and Ouchi et al [17] The stability of silane may be harmed by the acidic pH of PBE and TUB, leading to a changed chemical formula with a decreased priming capability.…”

Fatigue bond strength of dental adhesive systems: Historical background of test methodology, clinical considerations and future perspectives

“…After establishing these basic principles, the research group extended fatigue bond strength evaluations to cover many factors with an influence on tooth bonding, such as the influence of acidic functional monomers [34] , double coating [35] , the oxygen inhibition layer [36] , [37] , shortened application times of adhesive systems [38] , the etching mode for universal adhesives [39] , [40] , [41] , application of different etching agents [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , silver diamine fluoride pre-treatment [46] , the prismatic structure of enamel [47] , surface moisture [48] or smear layer of substrates [49] , the use of different adhesive systems [50] , [51] , phosphoric acid pre-etching [52] , [53] , [54] , self-adhesive restorative materials [55] , short fiber resin composites [56] , and water storage of specimens [57] . These evaluations did provide new insights, but also raised methodological suggestions and questions from researchers.…”