Bone Cements Based on Struvite: The Effect of Vancomycin Loading and Assessment of Biocompatibility and Osteoconductive Potentials In Vivo

An injectable bioactive poly(γ‐glutamic acid) modified magnesium phosphate bone cement for bone regeneration

“…[2][3][4][5] Currently, solid phase powder of MPC are usually magnesium oxide (MgO) or trimagnesium phosphate anhydrous (Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ), and reactive liquid phase are usually soluble phosphate salt solutions, such as phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), monoammonium hydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 ), and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K 2 HPO 4 ). 6,7 After mixing the powder and liquid phases at a neutral pH, the main reaction products of MPC are struvite (MgNH 4 PO 4 Á6H 2 O) or newberyite (MgHPO 4 Á3H 2 O) which have been proved own a much higher resorbability/degradation than currently used hydroxyapatite (HAp) or tricalcium phosphate-based materials. 8 Therefore, MPC received more and more attention in recent years as an interesting bone regeneration material.…”

“…Among the various magnesium phosphate biomaterials, magnesium phosphate bone cement (MPC) gained great interest in orthopedics due to their high initial mechanical strength, excellent adhesion, good resorption/degradation and the roles of release‐able Mg and P elements 2–5 . Currently, solid phase powder of MPC are usually magnesium oxide (MgO) or trimagnesium phosphate anhydrous (Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ), and reactive liquid phase are usually soluble phosphate salt solutions, such as phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), monoammonium hydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 ), and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K 2 HPO 4 ) 6,7 . After mixing the powder and liquid phases at a neutral pH, the main reaction products of MPC are struvite (MgNH 4 PO 4 ·6H 2 O) or newberyite (MgHPO 4 ·3H 2 O) which have been proved own a much higher resorbability/degradation than currently used hydroxyapatite (HAp) or tricalcium phosphate‐based materials 8 .…”