Bone marrow‐derived cells can acquire cardiac stem cells properties in damaged heart

Abstract

Experimental data suggest that cell-based therapies may be useful for cardiac regeneration following ischaemic heart disease. Bone marrow (BM) cells have been reported to contribute to tissue repair after myocardial infarction (MI) by a variety of humoural and cellular mechanisms. However, there is no direct evidence, so far, that BM cells can generate cardiac stem cells (CSCs). To investigate whether BM cells contribute to repopulate the Kit+ CSCs pool, we transplanted BM cells from transgenic mice, expressing green fluorescent protein under the control of Kit regulatory elements, into wild-type irradiated recipients. Following haematological reconstitution and MI, CSCs were cultured from cardiac explants to generate ‘cardiospheres’, a microtissue normally originating in vitro from CSCs. These were all green fluorescent (i.e. BM derived) and contained cells capable of initiating differentiation into cells expressing the cardiac marker Nkx2.5. These findings indicate that, at least in conditions of local acute cardiac damage, BM cells can home into the heart and give rise to cells that share properties of resident Kit+ CSCs.

Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Repair with a Cardiac Biologic Scaffold

“…The small islands of cardiomyocytes within the C-ECM-patched area lacked syncytium, representing immature myocardium that was not capable of actively contributing to cardiac function. Possible sources of the cardiomyocytes are resident islet1-positive (isl1+) [Laugwitz et al, 2005;Bu et al, 2009] cells or circulating bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells [Barile et al, 2011;Mangi et al, 2003;Zantop, 2006], both of which have been shown to form cardioblasts. The possibility also exists that iatrogenic effects caused a limited seeding of both patches but that the cardiomyocytes were only able to populate the C-ECM due to the presence of cell attachment sites and rapid angiogenesis.…”

Exosomes and Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction

“…12 Several reports suggest that acute cardiac injury involves the activation and recruitment of both resident cardiac progenitor cells and noncardiac progenitor cells from BM that home in to the site of injury. [13][14][15][16][17][18] In the absence of administration of external growth factors or progenitor cell therapies, the endogenous regenerative process is insufficient in a significant plurality, as evidenced by the occurrence of post-MI heart in ≈30% of patients. 19 Moreover, experimental studies have suggested the release of stem and progenitor cells into the circulation from BM niche, which could play an important role in the turnover of vascular endothelium and myocardial repair response after MI.…”

Tissue Engineering of Skeletal Muscle

“…(Klumpp et al). Since engineering of three-dimensional tissue of skeletal muscle asks for a large quantity of muscle cells, adult stem cells are a suitable cell source in TE research and regenerative medicine (Barile et al 2009, Mollmann et al 2009, Roche et al 2009). Therefore, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a feasible alternative cell source for skeletal muscle TE due to their high proliferation rates in vitro and their low imunogenicity in vivo (Chen, L. et al 2009) that even enables allogenic transplantation of MSCs (García-Castro J 2008, Rossignol et al 2009).…”