Bone Mineral Density of the Spine Using Dual Energy X‐Ray Absorptiometry in Patients with Non‐Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

To evaluate the influence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) on bone mineral density (BMD), we measured BMD in 185 female patients with NIDDM using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). BMD was measured in lumbar vertebrae (L2-4). BMD is slightly higher in the diabetic patients compared with control subjects and bone loss related to menopause starts before the onset of menopause. The BMD of postmenopausal women showed a definite decrease with aging and there was abrupt bone loss after 55 years of age (p < 0.05). In relation to the duration of diabetes, the decrease of BMD for 15 years was 10.0%. BMD was negatively correlated with age, years since menopause (YSM), and disease duration (r = -0.584, r = -0.470, r = -0.186). These results suggest that age, YSM, and the duration of disease appear to be the risk factors for decreased BMD in the diabetic patients.

Comparison of mandibular trabecular structures between normal and diabetic rats: evaluation of spontaneous type 2 diabetes in a rat model

“…Trabecular loss is a well-recognized complication of DM1, whereas there are conflicting reports on trabecular loss associated with DM2, with, as yet, no consensus [23,24]. Factors other than hyperglycemia, including the degree of insulin resistance, body weight changes, diet, and exercise, have a complex influence on bone metabolism in DM2 patients [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

The vitamin D receptor polymorphism in the translation initiation codon is a risk factor for insulin resistance in glucose tolerant Caucasians

“…Although conflicting findings about bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with type 2 diabetes have been reported, there are substantial data which support the notion that type 2 diabetes is associated with increased BMD [1,2,3]. The Rotterdam Study [2], which involved 5,931 subjects, including 243 men and 355 women with type 2 diabetes, provides the most convincing evidence.…”

Osteoporosis in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

“…In a Korean study that assessed 185 women with T2DM, lumbar spine BMD was slightly higher compared with a healthy and age-matched control group, and BMD values were negatively correlated with age (r ‫ס‬ −0.58), years since menopause (r ‫ס‬ −0.47), and to a lesser degree, with disease duration (r ‫ס‬ −0.19). (43) In a study of 65 Italian women with T2DM (mean age: 63 years), mean BMD T-score at the femoral neck was -1.62 ± 1.03 compared with -2.24 ± 0.97 in 42 nondiabetic controls, whereas lumbar spine BMD was not significantly different. (44) This study proposed that different skeletal sites may variably be affected by T2DM.…”