Bone regeneration in ceramic scaffolds with variable concentrations of PDRN and rhBMP-2

Abstract

This study evaluated the bone regeneration capacity and mechanical properties of block-type hydroxyapatite (HA)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds in response to different concentrations of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) and recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 2 (rhBMP-2). Thirty-two male white rabbits were used as a model of calvarial bone defect and classified into eight groups according to type and concentration of growth factor administered, viz., control group (only HA/TCP scaffold), scaffold + PDRN (0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mg/mL each) and scaffold + rhBMP-2 (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/mL each). The specimens were evaluated using histomorphometric and radiological analyses. Histomorphometric analyses indicated that the administration of PDRN did not increase bone formation. However, significant increases in bone formation were observed with the administration of rhBMP-2 at 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL on week 8 compared to the control (p < 0.05). Radiological analyses revealed a significant increase in bone formation at week 8 with the administration of PDRN at 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, and rhBMP-2 at 0.05 or 0.10 mg/mL compared to the control (p < 0.05). Our findings show that block-type HA/TCP scaffolds possess sufficient mechanical strength and bone regeneration capacity when used with optimal concentrations of growth factors.

Enhanced Bone Regeneration in Variable-Type Biphasic Ceramic Phosphate Scaffolds Using rhBMP-2

“…No disagreement has been reported regarding the positive effect of rhBMP-2 on bone formation; however, the difference in bone formation performance according to the dose of rhBMP-2 is controversial. In several studies, the dose-dependent efficiency of rhBMP-2 carriers has been shown to differ [20,48,49]. However, it was also reported that it is impossible to observe the difference in bone formation according to the concentration of rhBMP-2 [50].…”

“…This improves the formation and remodeling of the new bone by providing an appropriate resistance [17]. The use of BCP as a carrier of rhBMP-2 produces good results, and the use of BCP grafts combined with a growth factor may be biocompatible and histologically successful in forming new bones [19,20].…”

Review of Physical, Mechanical, and Biological Characteristics of 3D-Printed Bioceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

“…Lim et al examined the desirable dosage supply of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) and recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 2 (rhBMP2) to the Hap/TCP scaffold. Bone histomorphometry analysis indicated that PDRN delivery shows no bone growth, while the 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL delivery of rhBMP-2 resulted in significant bone growth . In a similar study, the osteogenic capability of pure BCP and collagen-added BCP scaffolds were tested with different concentrations of rhBMP-2.…”

“…Bone histomorphometry analysis indicated that PDRN delivery shows no bone growth, while the 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL delivery of rhBMP-2 resulted in significant bone growth. 258 In a similar study, the osteogenic capability of pure BCP and collagen-added BCP scaffolds were tested with different concentrations of rhBMP-2. Histomorphometry analyses showed that osteogenesis was not enhanced by increasing the concentration of rhBMP-2 in both cases.…”

Bone Regeneration of a 3D-Printed Alloplastic and Particulate Xenogenic Graft with rhBMP-2

“…However, bone substitutes cannot be entirely superior to autogenous bone because of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are bone-inducing substances in the natural bone matrix. The addition of growth factors, such as recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), can improve the biological activity and results [11][12][13][14]. A derivative of bone and cartilage formation, rhBMP-2 was first identified in the 1960s and was approved in 2007 as an alternative to an autogenous bone graft for the maxillary sinus, closure surgery of a cleft palate, and localized alveolar ridge augmentation [12,[15][16][17].…”