Bone Regeneration Using a Three-Dimensional Hexahedron Channeled BCP Block Combined with Bone Morphogenic Protein-2 in Rat Calvarial Defects

Abstract

It is important to obtain sufficient bone mass before implant placement on alveolar bone, and synthetic bone such as biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) has been studied to secure this. This study used a BCP block bone with a specific structure of the three-dimensional (3D) hexahedron channel and coating with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) impregnated carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was used to examine the enhancement of bone regeneration of this biomaterial in rat calvarial defect. After the preparation of critical-size calvarial defects in fifteen rats, defects were divided into three groups and were implanted with the assigned specimen (n = 5): Boneplant (untreated 3D hexahedron channeled BCP block), Boneplant/CMC (3D hexahedron channeled BCP block coated with CMC), and Boneplant/CMC/BMP (3D hexahedron channeled BCP block coated with CMC containing rhBMP-2). After 4 weeks, the volumetric, histologic, and histometric analyses were conducted to measure the newly formed bone. Histologically, defects in the Boneplant/CMC/BMP group were almost completely filled with new bone compared to the Boneplant and Boneplant/CMC groups. The new bone volume (P < 0.05) and area (P < 0.001) in the Boneplant/CMC/BMP group (20.12% ± 2.17, 33.79% ± 3.66) were much greater than those in the Boneplant (10.77% ± 4.8, 16.48% ± 9.11) and Boneplant/CMC (10.72% ± 3.29, 16.57% ± 8.94) groups, respectively. In conclusion, the 3D hexahedron channeled BCP block adapted rhBMP-2 with carrier CMC showed high possibility as an effective bone graft material.

Enhanced Bone Regeneration in Variable-Type Biphasic Ceramic Phosphate Scaffolds Using rhBMP-2

“…Several studies have confirmed that the block-type BCP is efficient in maintaining space [36]. Although alloplastic block bone shows lower bone formation than that obtained using autologous block bone [37], the former shows superior bone formation compared to that observed in the absence of grafts [36]; additionally, it has been reported that greater bone formation is observed when rhBMP-2 is added [38]. In addition, the block-type BCP exhibits superior bone regeneration ability compared to that of the particle type [39], and the use of block-type BCP is reported to be advantageous for barrier membrane support [40].…”

Citric acid, but not tetracycline, improves the microscopic pattern of healing of particulate autogenous bone grafts in critical‐size defects

“…D) NC specimen with moderate bone neoformation (*) coming from the margins of the defects and predominance of fibrous connective tissue (green arrows) in the center (all figures Masson's trichrome; original magnification ×20; yellow arrows = defect edges) the osteoconduction capability of a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic composed of hydroxyapatite and βtricalcium phosphate, found a maximum percentage of 74.22% ± 25.39% of newly formed bone in 7 mm defects at 60 days, when the graft was covered with a bovinederived collagen membrane. Finally, even using a 3D scaffold of biphasic calcium phosphate coated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2), only 33.79% ± 3.66% of newly formed bone was reported within 8 mm critical defects by Kim et al 38 after 4 weeks of healing.…”

“…Several studies in which μCT was used to assess the repair of critical defects have shown that this method confirms and validates histomorphometric findings, besides adding relevant information such as bone mineral density, bone mineral content and bone volume. 26,38,39,[45][46][47][48][49][50] The inclusion of immunohistochemical analysis for bone resorption and neoformation markers in earlier periods of healing could also contribute to the understanding of the biological phenomena that may explain the behavior of demineralized autogenous bone as a graft material.…”

Efficacy of bone formation of microporous sphere‐shaped biphasic calcium phosphate in a rabbit skull bone defect model

“…2,7 Further, it is difficult to use for the narrow orifice of bone defect and difficult to fill fully without empty space. 12,13 Dong Jin, Ryu and Eui Yub, Jung contributed to this article equally.…”

“…Although it is widely used in clinical practice, previous BCP products have problems of low‐compression strength, 11 rejection, and early biodegradation 2,7 . Further, it is difficult to use for the narrow orifice of bone defect and difficult to fill fully without empty space 12,13 …”