Botanical, Chemical and Pharmacological Properties of Artocarpus lakoocha (Monkey Fruit): A Review

Abstract

Artocarpus are members of the Moraceae family who are believed to be a large family comprises of nearly 60 genera and about 1400 species. The most important genus of the Moraceae family is Ficus, Morus and Artocarpus. The extract and bioactive compounds from bark, leaves, seeds and pericarp of monkey fruit have shown to possess exceptional phytochemical, nutritional and valuable pharmacological properties. This fruit is capable of offering numerous inhibitory factors such as antibacterial, antitubercular, antiviral, antifungal, antiplatelet, antiarthritic, tyrosinase inhibitory and cytotoxicity. This review devotes the complete overview of pharmacological and bioactive components exclusively found in the monkey fruit and its parts. However, fruit exhibits appreciable properties, but they are still unknown as well as underutilized. The remarkable properties of plants and the modern approaches are needed for the treatment of chronic diseases, the development of drugs and functional food products, or for the improvement of properties existed ones.

A Literature Review of Artocarpus lacucha Focusing on the Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Properties of the Plant

“…Monkey fruit is important in the human diet due to its high concentrations of vitamin C and carotene [ 25 , 26 ]. According to one source, A. lacucha fruit contains a significant number of macro- and microminerals such as calcium (66.6 mg), magnesium (23.6 mg), potassium (350 mg), phosphorus (22.1 mg), iron (778 μg), zinc (3981 μg), copper (7974 μg), and manganese (2025 μg) [ 27 , 28 ]. They bind with C, H, O, and S to form amino acids, the protein building blocks.…”

Skin Pigmentation Types, Causes and Treatment—A Review

“…Artocarpus lakoocha and Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts have been reported to exhibit tyrosinase inhibitory effects and melanin pigment reduction. For the treatment of hyperpigmentation, the combination of 9:1 Artocarpus lakoocha and Glycyrrhiza glabra decreased melanin pigment by up to 53% in B16 cells, by lowering the production of tyrosinase (TYR), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2) [ 129 , 130 , 131 ].…”

Cytotoxic Activity of Two Compounds Extracted from Artocarpus elasticus Reinw. Ex Blume Leaves on Selected Cancer Cell Lines

“…Some species of the Moraceae family are endemic to South Sulawesi, Indonesia. 1 Artocarpus is known to contain prenylated phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids with a variety of diverse structures such as; flavanones, flavones, xanthones, chalcones, and stilbene. 2,3,4 In most flavonoids, the prenyl group is in position C-3 (ring C), while, ring B can be oxygenated at positions C-4' or C-2', C-4'or C-2', C-4', C-5'.…”