This article focuses on the problem of distributed robust stabilization for a class of uncertain fractional-order reaction–diffusion systems (FRDS) by using two distributed output feedback control strategies: pointwise control based on collocated pointwise measurements and piecewise control based on collocated piecewise measurements. First, the corresponding distributed robust feedback controllers are designed based on the two measurement methods. Then, based on the Lyapunov direct method, Mittag-Leffler (M-L) function, and linear matrix inequality technique (LMI), sufficient conditions for the Mittag-Leffler stability of the closed-loop system are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities, respectively. Finally, numerical studies are given to verify the effectiveness of the robust distributed controllers designed in this article.