Branched ZnO nanotrees on flexible fiber-paper substrates for self-powered energy-harvesting systems

Qiu, Yu; Yang, Debin; Yin, Bing; Lei, Jixue; Zhang, H. Q.; Zhang, Zheng; Chen, H.; Li, Y. P.; Bian, Jiming; Liu, Y. H.; Zhao, Yu; Hu, Lizhong

doi:10.1039/c4ra09163a

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…5,43 Two key approaches for constructing flexible nanogenerators have been developed, namely that of piezoelectric nanogenerators and triboelectric nanogenerators. [579][580][581][582][583] The power generation process of piezoelectric nanogenerators is based on nanostructural piezoelectric materials, such as ZnO, [584][585][586][587][588][589][590][591][592] lead zirconate titanate (PZT), [593][594][595][596][597] BaTiO3 (BTO), 598,599 MoS2, 600,601 and PVDF. 459,[602][603][604][605] In such materials, the cations and anions of the charge centers can be separated to form an electric dipole under mechanical deformations, thus producing a piezopotential.…”

Section: Nanogeneratormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nanogenerator is a type of device that can convert mechanical energy into electricity, which is a promising power supply and shows potential applications in our daily lives. , Two key approaches for constructing flexible nanogenerators have been developed, namely, that of piezoelectric nanogenerators and triboelectric nanogenerators. − The power generation process of piezoelectric nanogenerators is based on nanostructural piezoelectric materials, such as ZnO, − lead zirconate titanate (PZT), − BaTiO 3 (BTO), , MoS 2 , , and PVDF. ,− In such materials, the cations and anions of the charge centers can be separated to form an electric dipole under mechanical deformations, thus producing a piezopotential. − Because of their fast response to external forces, this phenomenon can also be used in the mechanical sensors discussed above. − …”

Section: Structural Material-dominated Functionalization In Flexible ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nature-Inspired Structural Materials for Flexible Electronic Devices

et al. 2017

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Exciting advancements have been made in the field of flexible electronic devices in the last two decades and will certainly lead to a revolution in peoples' lives in the future. However, because of the poor sustainability of the active materials in complex stress environments, new requirements have been adopted for the construction of flexible devices. Thus, hierarchical architectures in natural materials, which have developed various environment-adapted structures and materials through natural selection, can serve as guides to solve the limitations of materials and engineering techniques. This review covers the smart designs of structural materials inspired by natural materials and their utility in the construction of flexible devices. First, we summarize structural materials that accommodate mechanical deformations, which is the fundamental requirement for flexible devices to work properly in complex environments. Second, we discuss the functionalities of flexible devices induced by nature-inspired structural materials, including mechanical sensing, energy harvesting, physically interacting, and so on. Finally, we provide a perspective on newly developed structural materials and their potential applications in future flexible devices, as well as frontier strategies for biomimetic functions. These analyses and summaries are valuable for a systematic understanding of structural materials in electronic devices and will serve as inspirations for smart designs in flexible electronics.

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Section: Nanogeneratormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural Material-dominated Functionalization In Flexible ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature-Inspired Structural Materials for Flexible Electronic Devices

et al. 2017

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“…The objective of this study was to understand how one could enhance the output potential of NGs by modifying the nanowire’s morphology and achieve better efficiency for lateral applied forces, which present a considerably lower performance than perpendicular forces. Thus, we decided to create piezoelectric nanostructures in the form of mushrooms [ 28 ] and trees [ 29 ], aiming to improve the overall efficiency of piezoelectric NGs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Shape on the Output Potential of ZnO Nanostructures: Sensitivity to Parallel versus Perpendicular Forces

et al. 2018

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With the consistent shrinking of devices, micro-systems are, nowadays, widely used in areas such as biomedics, electronics, automobiles, and measurement devices. As devices shrunk, so too did their energy consumptions, opening the way for the use of nanogenerators (NGs) as power sources. In particular, to harvest energy from an object’s motion (mechanical vibrations, torsional forces, or pressure), present NGs are mainly composed of piezoelectric materials in which, upon an applied compressive or strain force, an electrical field is produced that can be used to power a device. The focus of this work is to simulate the piezoelectric effect in different ZnO nanostructures to optimize the output potential generated by a nanodevice. In these simulations, cylindrical nanowires, nanomushrooms, and nanotrees were created, and the influence of the nanostructures’ shape on the output potential was studied as a function of applied parallel and perpendicular forces. The obtained results demonstrated that the output potential is linearly proportional to the applied force and that perpendicular forces are more efficient in all structures. However, nanotrees were found to have an increased sensitivity to parallel applied forces, which resulted in a large enhancement of the output efficiency. These results could then open a new path to increase the efficiency of piezoelectric nanogenerators.

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“…As mechanical activities of the human body exhibit low frequency (1-30 Hz) [26], resonance frequency optimization is less relevant here. Instead, structural optimization becomes an important problem due to the dimensional confinement imposed by the curvilinear and deformable human body and organs [27]. Constituent equations for a cantilever unimorph under static conditions have been established by Smits and Choi [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thickness ratio andd₃₃effects on flexible piezoelectric unimorph energy conversion

Zhang

2016

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Piezoelectric unimorphs are bilayer structures where a blanket piezoelectric film (with top and bottom electrodes) is uniformly laminated on an inactive but flexible substrate. Because of their simple construction and flexibility, unimorphs are widely used as a key element in flexible sensors and actuators. The response of a unimorph is governed by the material properties of the film and the substrate as well as their geometric parameters. For low frequency biological energy harvesting, structural optimization is critical due to the dimensional confinement imposed by curvilinear and deformable bio-tissues. Here we report a comprehensive theoretical framework to investigate the effects of the film-to-substrate thickness ratio on voltage, charge, and energy outputs when the unimorph is subjected to eight different boundary/loading conditions. A broad class of power generators can be designed using such a framework under the assumption that the unimorph length is very large compared to its thickness, where the only dimensionless variable is the film-to-substrate thickness ratio. We show that the analytical and finite element modeling results are in excellent agreement. For not so thin unimorphs, there is non-zero normal stress in the thickness direction (σ 3) and d 33 can play a significant role in this case. Non-monotonic dependence of voltage and energy generation on thickness ratio has been found in some cases and optimum thickness ratio for unimorph generator can be predicted. When the unimorph is actuated by voltage applied across the piezo-film thickness, non-monotonic maximum deflection versus thickness ratio is also found. This work provides new physical insights on unimorphs and analytical solutions that can be used for the structural design and optimization of unimorphs under different boundary/loading conditions.

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Branched ZnO nanotrees on flexible fiber-paper substrates for self-powered energy-harvesting systems

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Nature-Inspired Structural Materials for Flexible Electronic Devices

Nature-Inspired Structural Materials for Flexible Electronic Devices

The Influence of Shape on the Output Potential of ZnO Nanostructures: Sensitivity to Parallel versus Perpendicular Forces

Thickness ratio andd₃₃effects on flexible piezoelectric unimorph energy conversion

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Branched ZnO nanotrees on flexible fiber-paper substrates for self-powered energy-harvesting systems

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Nature-Inspired Structural Materials for Flexible Electronic Devices

Nature-Inspired Structural Materials for Flexible Electronic Devices

The Influence of Shape on the Output Potential of ZnO Nanostructures: Sensitivity to Parallel versus Perpendicular Forces

Thickness ratio andd33effects on flexible piezoelectric unimorph energy conversion

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Product

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Thickness ratio andd₃₃effects on flexible piezoelectric unimorph energy conversion