Brazilian Coastal Processes: Wind, Wave Climate and Sea Level

Rodríguez, Mauricio González; Nicolodi, João Luiz; Gutiérrez, Olga; Cánovas, Verónica; Hermosa, Antonio Espejo

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30394-9_2

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…According to [4], the dependence of those two elements is dominant in midlatitudes, owing to the fact that the compound effect is generated by the same atmospheric conditions. As stated by [10,47], higher and long-period waves are found in the southern region of the Brazilian coastal zone, along with extreme waves during the winter months. The wave setup that also composes the TWL has a nonnegligible impact in numerical modeling simulations of storm surges, even though in lower magnitude meteorological events its effect might be lower than 10% [75].…”

Section: Wavesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although winter is the most energetic season on the Southern Brazilian coast, big waves (i.e., significant wave height (Hs) higher than 4 m) are present in all seasons [47]. Furthermore, despite its microtidal regime, the maximum values of both Hs and storm surge on the Brazilian coast are found in this region due to its high exposure to frequent and intense extratropical storms [9,10]. According to [48], the Southwest Atlantic Ocean presents two centers of cyclo-genesis along the Uruguay coast (35° S) and San Matias Gulf in Argentina (40° S), with higher frequency during winter and increased baroclinic instability during El Niño years.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Southern Brazilian Coast is highly susceptible to storm surges generated by extra-tropical cyclones and anticyclones that often cause water piling-up nearshore increasing wave action and, consequently, erosive processes [8,9]. According to [10] storm surges magnitudes' in Southern Brazil can be 2 m higher than those observed on the Northern Brazilian coast. As a matter of fact, the state of Santa Catarina (27 • S) in Brazil has been recurrently impacted by large events (i.e., events that exceed the usual magnitudes in the region) recently recorded in the southwest Atlantic Ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrodynamic and Waves Response during Storm Surges on the Southern Brazilian Coast: A Hindcast Study

Lima

Khalid

Miesse

et al. 2020

Water

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The Southern Brazilian Coast is highly susceptible to storm surges that often lead to coastal flooding and erosive processes, significantly impacting coastal communities. In addition, climate change is expected to result in expressive increases in wave heights due to more intense and frequent storms, which, in conjunction with sea-level rise (SLR), has the potential to exacerbate the impact of storm surges on coastal communities. The ability to predict and simulate such events provides a powerful tool for coastal risk reduction and adaptation. In this context, this study aims to investigate how accurately storm surge events can be simulated in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean employing the coupled ADCIRC+SWAN hydrodynamic and phase-averaged wave numerical modeling framework given the significant data scarcity constraints of the region. The model’s total water level (TWL) and significant wave height (Hs) outputs, driven by different sources of meteorological forcing, i.e., the Fifth Generation of ECMWF Atmospheric Reanalysis (ERA 5), the Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2), and the Global Forecast System (GFS), were validated for three recent storm events that affected the coast (2016, 2017, and 2019). In order to assess the potentially increasing storm surge impacts due to sea-level rise, a case study was implemented to locally evaluate the modeling approach using the most accurate model setup for two 2100 SLR projections (RCP 4.5 and 8.5). Despite a TWL underestimation in all sets of simulations, the CFSv2 model stood out as the most consistent meteorological forcing for the hindcasting of the storm surge and waves in the numerical model, with an RMSE range varying from 0.19 m to 0.37 m, and an RMSE of 0.56 m for Hs during the most significant event. ERA5 was highlighted as the second most accurate meteorological forcing, while adequately simulating the peak timings. The SLR study case demonstrated a possible increase of up to 82% in the TWL during the same event. Despite the limitations imposed by the lack of continuous and densely distributed observational data, as well as up to date topobathymetric datasets, the proposed framework was capable of expanding TWL and Hs information, previously available for a handful of gauge stations, to a spatially distributed and temporally unlimited scale. This more comprehensive understanding of such extreme events represents valuable knowledge for the potential implementation of more adequate coastal management and engineering practices for the Brazilian coastal zone, especially under changing climate conditions.

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Section: Wavesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrodynamic and Waves Response during Storm Surges on the Southern Brazilian Coast: A Hindcast Study

Lima

Khalid

Miesse

et al. 2020

Water

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“…The region represents both the most susceptible areas to storm surges and the most densely populated coastal communities in Brazil. In these areas, storm surges can reach magnitudes of up to 2 m near the border with Uruguay, decreasing northwards and reaching approximately 1 m in the Rio de Janeiro State coastal areas [40]. A wide range of meteorological conditions, including frontal systems, medium-and upper-level cyclones, and mesoscale convective systems affect Southern Brazil [41].…”

Section: Study Area and Regional Meteorologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic and Wave Responses During Storm Surges on the Southern Brazilian Coast: A Real-Time Forecast System

Khalid

Lima

Cassalho

et al. 2020

Water

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Coastal flooding is a global phenomenon that results in severe economic losses, threatens lives, and impacts coastal communities worldwide. While recent developments in real-time flood forecasting systems provide crucial information to support coastal communities during coastal disasters, there remains a challenge to implement such systems in data-poor regions. This study demonstrates an operational real-time coupled surge wave guidance system for the coastal areas of Southern Brazil. This system is based on the recently developed integrated flood (iFLOOD) model, which utilizes the coupled hydrodynamic and phase-averaged ADCIRC–SWAN wave numerical model, driven by astronomical tides and atmospheric forcing from the Global Forecast System (GFS). This numerical modeling framework can simulate water levels and waves with a lead time of 84 h. A version of the coupled ADCIRC–SWAN model calibrated for Brazil, i.e., iFLOOD-Brazil, was operationally implemented (i.e., twice a day) over a period of 4 months (April to September 2020) for normal daily weather validation, as well as during a recent “bomb” cyclone that strongly impacted the southern coast of the country in June 2020. The real-time water levels and waves forecasted by iFLOOD-Brazil showed promising results against observations, with root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.32 m and 0.68 m, respectively, for normal daily weather. Additionally, the RMSE values were 0.23 m for water levels and 1.55 m for waves during extreme weather, averaged over eight water level and two wave recording stations. In order to improve real-time predictions, a bias correction scheme was introduced and was shown to improve the water level and wave forecasts by removing the known systematic errors resulting from underestimation of astronomical tides and inadequate initial boundary conditions. The bias-corrected forecasts showed significant improvements in forecasted wave heights (0.47 m, 0.35 m) and water levels (0.17 m, 0.28 m) during daily and extreme weather conditions. The real-time iFLOOD-Brazil forecast system is the first step toward developing an accurate prediction model to support effective emergency management actions, storm mitigation, and planning in order to protect these economically valuable and socially vulnerable coastal areas.

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Physical Characteristics of Brazilian Sandy Beaches

Klein,

Short

2023

Brazilian Marine Biodiversity

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Brazilian Coastal Processes: Wind, Wave Climate and Sea Level

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Hydrodynamic and Waves Response during Storm Surges on the Southern Brazilian Coast: A Hindcast Study

Hydrodynamic and Waves Response during Storm Surges on the Southern Brazilian Coast: A Hindcast Study

Hydrodynamic and Wave Responses During Storm Surges on the Southern Brazilian Coast: A Real-Time Forecast System

Physical Characteristics of Brazilian Sandy Beaches

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