Breaking mechanism of indium tin oxide and its effect on organic photovoltaic cells

Leppänen, Kimmo; Augustine, Bobins; Saarela, Juha; Myllylä, Risto; Fabritius, Tapio

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2013.07.010

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As expected, the ITO film failed to maintain the flexibility: R s changed by 314% as early as after the first ten cycles. Indeed, ITO is brittle and tends to form cracks that block the electrical pathways upon bending . In contrast, the resistance of MoO x /Au‐seed/Cu/MoO x remained nearly unchanged even after 1000 bending cycles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonprecious Copper‐Based Transparent Top Electrode via Seed Layer–Assisted Thermal Evaporation for High‐Performance Semitransparent n‐i‐p Perovskite Solar Cells

Giuliano

Cataldo

Scopelliti

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST‐PSCs) are highly attractive for applications in building‐integrated photovoltaics as well as in multijunction tandem devices. To fabricate high‐performance ST‐PSCs, suitable transparent top electrodes are strongly needed. Dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD) multilayer structures have been shown to be promising candidates, though generally based on high‐value metals such as gold or silver, the latter causing also stability issues by reacting with perovskite. Here, a novel DMD transparent electrode based on nonprecious, less‐reactive copper is developed via thermal evaporation and used as a top anode in the fabrication of high‐performance semitransparent n‐i‐p perovskite solar cells, the best device yielding a power conversion efficiency as high as 12.5%. The DMD architecture consists of a gold‐seeded Cu thin film sandwiched between two MoO x dielectric layers. It is demonstrated that Cu self‐aggregation and diffusion into MoOx can be substantially limited by introducing an ultrathin (1.5 nm) Au seed layer, and conductive Cu films as thin as 9.5 nm can be achieved. A fine tuning of the perovskite layer thickness is also carried out to further enhance the device transparency up to a maximum average visible transmittance approaching 25%.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonprecious Copper‐Based Transparent Top Electrode via Seed Layer–Assisted Thermal Evaporation for High‐Performance Semitransparent n‐i‐p Perovskite Solar Cells

Giuliano

Cataldo

Scopelliti

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Electrical resistance measurement and cracking observation were immediately conducted after 0, 2, and 24 h of bending [40]. The results show that cracks appear at 20 mm-radius cylinder and smaller, in conjunction with slight degradation in the conductivity of ITO thin film [40]. The exemplified results, described above, indicate that the electrical performance of ITO films is degraded under certain bending conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Their results show that the critical bending radii of 20, 50, 100, and 150 nm-thick ITO electrodes are 4.5, 4.5, 6, and 6 mm, respectively [38]. Leppänen et al [40] investigated the mechanical and electrical behavior of an ITO thin film under static bending at different curvatures. Samples were bent from 53 mm to 15 mm radius of curvature [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leppänen et al [40] investigated the mechanical and electrical behavior of an ITO thin film under static bending at different curvatures. Samples were bent from 53 mm to 15 mm radius of curvature [40]. Electrical resistance measurement and cracking observation were immediately conducted after 0, 2, and 24 h of bending [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were bent from 53 mm to 15 mm radius of curvature [40]. Electrical resistance measurement and cracking observation were immediately conducted after 0, 2, and 24 h of bending [40]. The results show that cracks appear at 20 mm-radius cylinder and smaller, in conjunction with slight degradation in the conductivity of ITO thin film [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Conductive Characteristics of Indium Tin Oxide Thin Film on Polymeric Substrate under Long-Term Static Deformation

Tran

Lin

2018

Coatings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of long-term static bending on the conductive characteristics of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film in flexible optoelectronics. Two types of substrate are considered, namely ITO on polyethylene naphthalate (ITO/PEN) and ITO on polyethylene terephthalate (ITO/PET). Electrical properties of the ITO/PEN and ITO/PET sheets are measured in situ under static bending at various radii of curvature. Experimental results indicate that no significant change in electrical resistance of the ITO/PEN and ITO/PET sheets is found for compressive bending after 1000 h at a curvature radius of 10 mm or larger. However, the ITO/PEN and ITO/PET sheets are seriously damaged under a tensile bending of 10 mm radius and 5 mm radius, respectively. The given ITO/PET sheet exhibits a greater resistance to long-term mechanical bending than the ITO/PEN one, which is attributed to the effect of stiffness and thickness of substrate. As the given PET substrate has a lower stiffness and thickness than the PEN one, ITO thin film in the ITO/PET sheet has a smaller stress given a bending radius. Consequently, a smaller extent of change in the electrical conductance of ITO thin film is found in the ITO/PET sheet.

show abstract

Case Study: The SOFT-PV Skin

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Breaking mechanism of indium tin oxide and its effect on organic photovoltaic cells

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Nonprecious Copper‐Based Transparent Top Electrode via Seed Layer–Assisted Thermal Evaporation for High‐Performance Semitransparent n‐i‐p Perovskite Solar Cells

Nonprecious Copper‐Based Transparent Top Electrode via Seed Layer–Assisted Thermal Evaporation for High‐Performance Semitransparent n‐i‐p Perovskite Solar Cells

Conductive Characteristics of Indium Tin Oxide Thin Film on Polymeric Substrate under Long-Term Static Deformation

Case Study: The SOFT-PV Skin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About