Breast diseases during pregnancy and lactation

Yu, Ji Hoon; Kim, Min Jeong; Cho, Hyon Il; Liu, Hyun Ju; Han, Soo Jeong; Ahn, Tae Gyu

doi:10.5468/ogs.2013.56.3.143

Cited by 72 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In the "near-gain" knobologic field (Figure 2), posterior acoustic enhancement and mass echo patterns are often associated with grand breast lesions [15]; [8]. As seen in Figure 2 for confirmation of breast galactocele, ventral or dorsal echogenic rim should be exhibited by this cyst (classified as a type II), note the posterior acoustic shadowing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superficial Galactocelic Progression, Size-Variation and Assessment in a Patient

Afodun¹,

Quadri²,

Masud³

et al. 2017

ABCR

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Breast cysts (galactocele) form in the mammary gland from ductal obstruction. Multiple pathologic entities may produce complex cystic breast lesions. Ultrasound is presently the first primary modality in breast evaluation after physical palpitation. We report a progressive case of multiple cysts in a 32-year-old woman, ranging from 28 mm to 20 mm. Though in-situ milk (sono-penic) appears sterile, the superficial presentation (externally) is that of a firm mass. Due to the known hazards of radioactive mammography, this case report proves the usefulness of sonar to image, map, measure, identify and diagnose breast pathology. In women with dense-heavy breast, ultrasound examination will play an important role in screening palpable and non-palpable masses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superficial Galactocelic Progression, Size-Variation and Assessment in a Patient

Afodun¹,

Quadri²,

Masud³

et al. 2017

ABCR

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“…Ultrasound evaluation of the breasts during pregnancy and lactation represents a great challenge to physicians, especially because of the various physiological changes, which make the examination more difficult, often preventing or hindering the appropriate interpretation of the findings (1-3) . The changes seen on ultrasound imaging of the breast during those periods can simulate the presence of some diseases, as well as making it difficult to assess other, pre-existing, diseases (4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most breast lesions diagnosed during pregnancy and lactation, even some specific ones such as lactation and adenoma galactocele, are benign (3) . The diagnosis of breast cancer, which is difficult to elucidate and is less common among women who are pregnant or lactating than among those of the same age who are not, continues to be a challenge for clinicians (1) . In addition, the understanding of the various breast problems and of the characteristics of the corresponding images is essential to establishing an appropriate approach to such patients (2) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound findings of the physiological changes and most common breast diseases during pregnancy and lactation

et al. 2016

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Because of the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy and lactation, diagnostic ultrasound of the breast during these periods is a challenge for physicians. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of imaging, anatomy, and physiology of the breast is important to effectively diagnosing diseases that can arise in women who are pregnancy or lactating. The aim of this article was to review the physiological changes that occur in the breasts during pregnancy and lactation, as well as to describe the main features of the breast diseases that occur most frequently during these periods.

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“…Normally, breast cancer cells which express ER multiply faster in response to these gestational hormones. Since PABC tumors lack ER/PR (progesterone receptor)expression , estrogen or progesterone are thought to be involved in PABC by indirect binding to related receptors expressed by breast epithelial cells [27,30,31,38]. The exact mechanisms for this is still unclear but it is estimated that direct tumor-initiating effects occur through the induction of enzymes and proteins involved in nucleic acid synthesis and through the activation of certain oncogenes.…”

Section: The Effect Of Gestational Hormones On Breast Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hormonal factors associated with pregnancy play a complex role in the occurrence of PABC along with a specific genetic background [30]. It is suspected that PABC prevalence might be higher in BRCA1 mutation carriers than in BRCA2 mutation [16,31]. BRCA1 expression is induced during puberty and pregnancy and is believed to promote differentiation.…”

Section: The Effect Of Gestational Hormones On Breast Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

IPCB

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Statistical reports have shown that breast and cervical malignancies are the most frequent cancers found in the general female population. As more women choose to delay childbearing, the frequency of associated breast cancer is increasing and it is now the most common pregnancy associated carcinoma. The influence of pregnancy on the risk of breast cancer is dependent on several maternal features related to reproductive, genetic and hormonal factors. The effects of pregnancy on the course of breast cancer and its prognosis are complex. It is known that breast cancer is more aggressive in younger women, but whether it is more aggressive during pregnancy in these same women is debatable. One of the reasons for which overall prognosis is diminished in pregnant women is because breast cancer is usually diagnosed at more advanced stage during pregnancy. Ranked second as the most common malignancy in the female population, after breast carcinoma, cancer of the cervix, where HPV (Human papillomavirus) infection is a necessary cause, has a high incidence of 8.9% in all races and a death rate of 2.8%. It is the second cause of cancer death in females aged between 20 and 39 years and it is now known that pregnancy can play an important role in cervical carcinogenesis as well. The aim of this review is to see how the hormonal changes occurring during pregnancy increases the risk of both breast and cervical cancers.

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Breast diseases during pregnancy and lactation

Cited by 72 publications

References 54 publications

Superficial Galactocelic Progression, Size-Variation and Assessment in a Patient

Superficial Galactocelic Progression, Size-Variation and Assessment in a Patient

Ultrasound findings of the physiological changes and most common breast diseases during pregnancy and lactation

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