Breast-Feeding and Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Nigro, Giovanni; Campea, L; Novellis, Antonio De; Orsini, M

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91194-8

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Breast-feeding has in some studies been shown to have a protective role in development in Type 1 diabetes [12,13] while other studies have failed to confirm this result [14,15]. A previous study [16] based on the same material as in this study, did not show any significant difference in the duration of exclusive breastfeeding between diabetic patients and control children apart from differences in some subgroups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 41%

A high weight gain early in life is associated with an increased risk of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus

1994

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SummaryGrowth during the first years of life in relation to type of feeding in infancy was retrospectively studied in an unselected population-based group of 297 children who had been diagnosed with Type i (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus before the age of 15 years (probands) and 792 individually-matched referent subjects. Reliable data were collected from child welfare clinics. Probands weighed slightly less at birth but their weight gain at 6, 9, 18 and 30 months of age was significantly greater (p < 0.02) than that of referent children. The weight gain of children who had never been breast-fed was more marked than that of breast-fed children; this was found for both probands and referent children. But also among exclusively breast-fed children ( > 2 months), probands gained significantly more in weight from birth up to 18 and 30 months of age than exclusively breast-fed referent children. Early weight gain appears to be a risk factor for development of Type i diabetes. The lower weight gain in breast-fed compared to non-breast-fed children may explain the protective effect of breast feeding against Type 1 diabetes observed in several studies, [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 91-94] Key words Type i (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, aetiology, early growth, breast feeding.There is a close connection between insulin secretion and growth in children [1] as an adequate insulin supply is needed for normal growth. Insulin seems to have both a direct effect and an indirect effect via insulinlike growth factors [2].There have been numerous studies regarding growth in children at the time of and after the clinical onset of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus [3][4][5][6][7]. It is well known that growth is seriously impaired in Type i diabetic patients with very poor metabolic control [8]. In patients with reasonably good metabolic control varying results in growth after onset of Type 1 diabetes have been observed [3][4][5]9].A few studies have investigated growth during the first years of life in children who later develop Type 1

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confidence: 41%

A high weight gain early in life is associated with an increased risk of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus

1994

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“…Although this observation was not confirmed by three subsequent studies [87][88][89], two additional studies published in 1988, one from Australia [90] and the other from the United States (Colorado) [91], support the original report [86]. An association between extent and duration of breast-feeding and lower incidence of IDDM was subsequently reported in other studies from Sweden [92], Finland [93], Hungary [94], and the United States [95].…”

Section: Breast-feeding and Incidence Of Iddmmentioning

confidence: 90%

Early and Late Effects of Breast-Feeding: Does Breast-Feeding Really Matter?

Villalpando

Hamosh

1998

Neonatology

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Breast-feeding protects the newborn against infectious diseases in developing as well as in industrialized countries. Protection is conferred against gastrointestinal and respiratory tract diseases as well as against otitis media. This protection provided by specific (antibody dependent) and broad, nonspecific protective factors in human milk (proteins, glycoproteins, and lipids) is associated with lower global morbidity and mortality of breast-fed infants as compared with formula-fed infants. While protection against diseases that develop later in life, such as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, and childhood cancer, has been reported, well-planned prospective studies are essential in order to confirm these observations. Similar studies are essential in order to ascertain the small but consistently reported higher cognitive ability of breast-fed infants.

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“…The cow's milk hypothesis was further supported by both animal studies and immunological studies in humans [22]. However, several analytical epidemiological studies, did not confirm these associations [23][24][25][26][27], and the evidence hence cannot be regarded as fully conclusive. Two meta-analyses led to inconsistent results, either concluding that there is evidence for a weak causal relation [17], or attributing the observed weak associations to methodical shortcomings of studies [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%