Breast milk oligosaccharides: effects of 2′-fucosyllactose and 6′-sialyllactose on the adhesion of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella fyris</i> to Caco-2 cells

Facinelli, Bruna; Marini, Emanuela; Magi, Gloria; Zampini, Lucia; Santoro, Lucia; Catassi, Carlo; Monachesi, Chiara; Gabrielli, Orazio; Coppa, Giovanni V.

doi:10.1080/14767058.2018.1450864

Cited by 53 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, it is significant in this regard that Coppa et al (34) found species differences between E. coli, Vibrio cholerae and S. fyris in experiments using HMO and (like us) Caco-2 cells. Whilst some recent studies have reported that oligosaccharides from human, cows' and goats' milk (55,56) are effective in inhibiting the adhesion of E. coli to gut cells, these experiments were conducted using much higher concentrations of oligosaccharides than we used in our study, suggesting the possibility of a dose-dependent effect. In our study, GOS was at least equally as effective as goat milk oligosaccharides in preventing the adhesion of E. coli and S. typhimurium (by 52•4 and 35 %, respectively, compared with the negative control; see Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Oligosaccharides in goats’ milk-based infant formula and their prebiotic and anti-infection properties

et al. 2019

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Human milk contains an abundant supply and diverse array of oligosaccharides that are known to impart significant health benefits to the nursing infant including establishment and maintenance of a healthy gut microflora, immune development and protection against gastrointestinal infections. When breastfeeding is not possible or insufficient, infant formulas are commonly used as an alternative. However, limited information is available about the presence of naturally occurring oligosaccharides in these infant formulas and their likely health benefits. The present study examined the presence of naturally occurring oligosaccharides in commercial goats’ milk-based stage 1 and stage 2 infant formulas and their prebiotic and anti-infection properties. LC/MS was used to detect and quantify oligosaccharides and their prebiotic potential was assessed by their ability, at concentrations present in reconstituted ready-to-use infant formula, to promote the growth of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB12, B. longum BB536, Lactobacillus acidophilus 4461 and L. casei 2607 in vitro. For anti-infection properties, the ability of goat milk oligosaccharides to prevent the adhesion of Escherichia coli NCTC 10418 and a Salmonella typhimurium isolate to Caco-2 cells was investigated. The results showed the presence of fourteen quantifiable oligosaccharides in stage 1 and stage 2 goats’ milk-based infant formula. This was similar to the number of oligosaccharides detected in the fresh goats’ milk. Of these, five were structurally similar to those found in human milk. These oligosaccharides were shown to significantly enhance the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and reduce the adhesion of E. coli NCTC 10418 and S. typhimurium to Caco-2 cells. Together, these results suggest that oligosaccharides naturally present in goats’ milk-based infant formula exhibit strong prebiotic and anti-pathogen adhesion properties and may confer gut health benefits to infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Oligosaccharides in goats’ milk-based infant formula and their prebiotic and anti-infection properties

et al. 2019

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“…In this study, the significantly higher percentage of fucosylated structures in human milk, compared to that in goat and bovine milk, may explain the overall antipathogenic potency of the three milk types: HMN >GMN >BMN. Sialylation has also been reported to be associated with the antimicrobial activity of oligosaccharides (Barboza et al., 2012; Facinelli et al., 2019; Martin‐Sosa et al., 2002). The sialylation levels in HMN and BMN are similar; although the level of sialylation in GMN is lower than in BMN and fucosylation levels of these two samples are similar, the higher levels of other types of sugars may compensate the difference and make BMN better in pathogen inhibition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the antipathogenic effect toward Staphylococcus aureus of N‐linked and free oligosaccharides derived from human, bovine, and goat milk

Yue

Han

Yin

et al. 2020

Journal of Food Science

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N‐linked oligosaccharides (N‐glycans) derived from milk were recently found to be antipathogenic. This study compares the antimicrobial activity of N‐linked glycans and free oligosaccharides from human, bovine, and goat milk against Staphylococcus aureus. Milk N‐glycans showed a bactericidal/bacteriostatic effect on the pathogen when compared to free milk oligosaccharides, evidenced by the clear zone from the halo assay, with the order of human milk >goat milk >bovine milk. None of the free milk oligosaccharide samples were bactericidal/bacteriostatic, despite its positive results in growth curve and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays which are believed to be related to hyperosmosis. Both N‐glycans and free milk oligosaccharides can reduce the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to Caco‐2 cells, however, N‐glycans worked significantly more effective than free milk oligosaccharides. Structural analysis of all free oligosaccharide and N‐glycan samples showed the obvious interspecies differences, and the structure/function relationship of the respected N‐glycans is of interest for future study. The significant bactericidal/bacteriostatic activity possessed by human, bovine, and goat milk N‐linked glycans holds great potential as a novel substitute for antibiotics.

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“…Currently, over 150 different HMO structures have been identified in humans and there seems to be considerable heterogeneity in the biological effects. For instance, HMOs that have sialyated or fucosylated side chains decrease pathogen burden, decrease NEC, and the addition of sialic acids to galacto‐oligosaccharides seem to confer NEC‐protection . Individual HMOs also seem to impart structure‐specific effects: for example, 2‐fucosyllactose (2’FL) dampens the activity of TLR‐4 signaling—a pathway involved in expression of PDI—whereas 6’‐sialyllactose (6’SL) can decrease the adherence of Escherichia coli .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk Oligosaccharides Increase Mucin Expression in Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Koike

et al. 2018

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

119

117

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Scope Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of morbidity and death in preterm infants, occurring more often in formula‐fed than breastfed infants. Studies in both rats and humans show that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) lower the incidence of NEC, but the mechanism underlying such protection is currently unclear. Methods and Results By extracting HMOs from pooled human breastmilk, the impact of HMOs on the intestinal mucin levels in a murine model of NEC are investigated. To confirm the results, the findings are validated by exposing human intestinal epithelial cells and intestinal organoids to HMOs and evaluated for mucin expression. HMO‐gavage to pups increases Muc2 levels and decreases intestinal permeability to macromolecular dextran. HMO‐treated cells have increased Muc2 expression, decreased bacterial attachment and dextran permeability during challenge by enteric pathogens. To identify the mediators involved in HMO induction of mucins, it is demonstrated that HMOs directly induce the expression of chaperone proteins including protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Suppression of PDI activity removes the protective effects of HMOs on barrier function in vitro as well as NEC protection in vivo. Conclusions Taken together, the results provide insights to the possible mechanisms by which HMOs protect the neonatal intestine through upregulation of mucins.

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Breast milk oligosaccharides: effects of 2′-fucosyllactose and 6′-sialyllactose on the adhesion of Escherichia coli and Salmonella fyris to Caco-2 cells

Abstract: Our results suggest that the supplementation in infant formulas of 2'-fucosyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose, actually commercially available and absent in cow milk, could play positive effects in artificially fed infants.

Cited by 53 publications

References 14 publications

Oligosaccharides in goats’ milk-based infant formula and their prebiotic and anti-infection properties

Oligosaccharides in goats’ milk-based infant formula and their prebiotic and anti-infection properties

Comparison of the antipathogenic effect toward Staphylococcus aureus of N‐linked and free oligosaccharides derived from human, bovine, and goat milk

Human Milk Oligosaccharides Increase Mucin Expression in Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis

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