Breastfeeding promotion and support strategies based on Paulo Freire's epistemological categories

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study identified strategies for promoting breastfeeding involving pregnant women, breastfeeding women and actors of the social support network for the breastfeeding process. METHODS: This qualitative study was guided by action research and the focal group technique to collect data. Focal Group 1 consisted of four pregnant and six breastfeeding women; Focal Group 2 consisted of six family members; and Focal Group 3 consisted of thirteen health professionals. The focal groups were guided by the following questions: What breastfeeding promotion and support actions should be done? How should they be performed? Who should perform them? The conversation sunder went thematic content analysis and were interpreted in the light of Paulo Freire's theoretical constructs: dialogue, ethics and problematization. RESULTS: Four themes were emerged from the conversations: dialogue-based educational actions involving the social support network during the vital cycle; educational actions in schools; educational actions in the media; ongoing counseling at Family Health Units. CONCLUSION: The constructed strategies were centered on dialogue and active listening. Both should be present during the entire vital cycle and in the Family Health Strategy, and involve all actors of the social support network. These strategies may disrupt the unidirectional transmission of the educational practices that promote breastfeeding.

Educational practices of nursing in the puerperium: social representations of puerperal mothers

“…Thus, the social support network in which the family is inserted is also considered to be an opportunity for educational actions, since it is a source of support and exchange of knowledge, influencing the mother's decisions in the breastfeeding process (25) . Another prominent orientation in the reports of puerperal mothers was breast care, including sunbathing, cleaning and pumping, to avoid complications such as engorgement.…”

“…It is necessary to value people's knowledge and experiences through dialogue, problematization and ethics to identify the opinions, feelings and impressions of social actors (7,25) . Moreover, in this study, the dissatisfaction of some puerperal women was also observed due to the lack of educational activities in the late and remote puerperium by primary care professionals.…”

Redes Sociais Que Apoiam a Mulher Durante a Amamentação

“…Os grupos de gestantes realizados nas unidades de saúde foram muito bem aceitos pelas puérperas, pois nos momentos do grupo recebiam dos profissionais orientações sobre a amamentação, esclareciam dúvidas e sentiam-se tranquilas, apoiadas e animadas durantes esses encontros (4,26) . Os grupos de apoio incentivam as nutrizes a amamentar e contribuem para a diminuição do desmame precoce (11,27,20) .…”

“…Estudos revelam a importância das ações educativas feitas pelas equipes de saúde na vida da mulher que está vivenciando a amamentação. As puérperas relataram que as ações educativas as ajudam guiar, incentivar, ensinar, orientar e esclarecer suas dúvidas sobre amamentação (22,26) . Da mesma forma, a sala de aconselhamento na unidade de saúde oportuniza momentos de Cogitare Enferm.…”

“…Da mesma forma, a sala de aconselhamento na unidade de saúde oportuniza momentos de Cogitare Enferm. 2015 Abr/Jun; 20(2):426-33 orientação, esclarecimento e apoio (26) . Além disso, essas atividades educativas devem ser desenvolvidas nos domicílios, nas escolas, nas unidades de saúde e também pela mídia, as novelas deveriam mostrar a importância da amamentação.…”