Breeding for Genetically Diverse Populations: Variety Mixtures and Evolutionary Populations

Dawson, Julie; Goldringer, Isabelle

doi:10.1002/9781119945932.ch5

Cited by 42 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Until now, breeding programs have attempted to select varieties and create ideotypes based on an 'average' ability to perform when grown in 'association' with other varieties [28]. To estimate this average ability to perform in association, the approach used has been derived from diallel tests with maize (Zea mays) for the determination of the ability of lines to hybridize [29,30].…”

Section: Living and Performing With Others: The Challenges Of Plant-bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in Plant Breeding: A New Conceptual Framework

Litrico¹,

Violle

2015

Trends in Plant Science

166

150

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Faced with an accelerating rate of environmental change and the associated need for a more sustainable, low-input agriculture, the urgent new challenge for crop science is to find ways to introduce greater diversity to cropping systems. However, there is a dearth of generic formalism in programs seeking to diversify crops. In this opinion, we propose a new framework, derived from ecological theory, that should enable diversity targets to be incorporated into plant-breeding programs. While ecological theory provides criteria for maintaining diversity and optimizing the production of mixtures, such criteria are rarely fully realized in natural ecosystems. Conversely, crop breeding should optimize both agronomic value and the ability of plants to perform and live alongside one another. This framework represents an opportunity to develop more sustainable crops and also a radical new way to apply ecological theory to cropping systems.

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Section: Living and Performing With Others: The Challenges Of Plant-bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in Plant Breeding: A New Conceptual Framework

Litrico¹,

Violle

2015

Trends in Plant Science

166

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Targeted agro-environmental programs could help avoid the widespread implementation of inappropriate interventions, such as the one-size-fits-all adoption of varieties that have performed well for a short while in agro-industrial landscapes (Batáry et al 2011;Altieri et al 2012;Oliver et al 2012). Similarly, knowledge about the role of seed exchange networks in maintaining and adapting agrobiodiversity could be instrumental in mitigating the risks arising from the introduction of GM crops (Kwit et al 2011) and in improving the prospects for organic farming, which is currently often limited by the absence of well-developed organic seed supply systems (Dawson and Goldringer 2012;Döring et al 2012b).…”

Section: Conclusion and Research Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed exchange networks for agrobiodiversity conservation. A review

Pautasso

Aistara²,

Barnaud

et al. 2012

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

Self Cite

211

149

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The circulation of seed among farmers is central to agrobiodiversity conservation and dynamics. Agrobiodiversity, the diversity of agricultural systems from genes to varieties and crop species, from farming methods to landscape composition, is part of humanity's cultural heritage. Whereas agrobiodiversity conservation has received much attention from researchers and policy makers over the last decades, the methods available to study the role of seed exchange networks in preserving crop biodiversity have only recently begun to be considered. In this overview, we present key concepts, methods, and challenges to better understand seed exchange networks so as to improve the chances that traditional crop varieties (landraces) will be preserved and used sustainably around the world. The available literature suggests that there is insufficient knowledge about the social, cultural, and methodological dimensions of environmental change, including how seed exchange networks will cope with changes in climates, socio-economic factors, and family structures that have supported seed exchange systems to date. Methods available to study the role of seed exchange networks in the preservation and adaptation of crop specific and genetic diversity range from meta-analysis to modelling, from participatory approaches to the development of bio-indicators, from genetic to biogeographical studies, from anthropological and ethnographic research to the use of network theory. We advocate a diversity of approaches, so as to foster the creation of robust and policy-relevant knowledge. Open challenges in the study of the role of seed exchange networks in biodiversity conservation include the development of methods to (i) enhance farmers' participation to decision-making in agro-ecosystems, (ii) integrate ex situ and in situ approaches, (iii) achieve interdisciplinary research collaboration between social and natural scientists, and (iv) use network analysis as a conceptual framework to bridge boundaries among researchers, farmers and policy makers, as well as other stakeholders. (Résumé d'auteur

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“…Diverse farming systems have shown to be more resilient in the face of perturbations and buffer extreme climatic events and adverse growing conditions to a wider extent than large monocultures do [3,5,6]. Beneficial effects of crop genetic diversity on productivity, population recovery from disturbance, and other ecological processes have been reviewed by Finckh and Wolfe [7] and Dawson and Goldringer [8] and agrobiodiversity has been placed very high in the list of potential solutions to the growing demand for food. Since the early 20 th century trends in agriculture, plant breeding and breeding legislation have tended towards an increased use of genetically uniform varieties [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Effects on Morphology and Agronomic Performance of Three Winter Wheat Composite Cross Populations Maintained for Six Years under Organic and Conventional Conditions

Brumlop

Pfeiffer

Finckh

2017

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Three winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) composite cross populations (CCPs) that had been maintained in repeated parallel populations under organic and conventional conditions from the F 5 to the F 10 were compared in a two-year replicated field trial under organic conditions. The populations were compared to each other, to a mixture of the parental varieties used to establish the CCPs, and to three winter wheat varieties currently popular in organic farming. Foot and foliar diseases, straw length, ear length, yield parameters, and baking quality parameters were assessed. The overall performance of the CCPs differed clearly from each other due to differences in their parental genetics and not because of their conventional or organic history. The CCPs with high yielding background (YCCPs) also yielded higher than the CCPs with a high baking quality background (QCCPs; in the absence of extreme winter stress). The QCCPs performed equally well in comparison to the reference varieties, which were also of high baking quality. Compared to the parental mixture the CCPs proved to be highly resilient, recovering much better from winter kill in winter 2011/12. Nevertheless, they were out yielded by the references in that year. No such differences were seen in 2013, indicating that the CCPs are comparable with modern cultivars in yielding ability under organic conditions. We conclude that-especially when focusing on traits that are not directly influenced by natural selection (e.g. quality traits)-the choice of parents to establish a CCP is crucial. In the case of the QCCPs the establishment of a reliable high-quality population worked very well and quality traits were successfully maintained over time. However, in the YCCPs lack of winter hardiness in the YCCP parents also became clearly visible under relevant winter conditions. Keywords: baking quality; climate change; dynamic management; evolutionary breeding; heterogeneous populations; resilience; sustainable agriculture; Triticum aestivum;

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Breeding for Genetically Diverse Populations: Variety Mixtures and Evolutionary Populations

Cited by 42 publications

References 84 publications

Diversity in Plant Breeding: A New Conceptual Framework

Diversity in Plant Breeding: A New Conceptual Framework

Seed exchange networks for agrobiodiversity conservation. A review

Evolutionary Effects on Morphology and Agronomic Performance of Three Winter Wheat Composite Cross Populations Maintained for Six Years under Organic and Conventional Conditions

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