Bronze Age settlements in the Low Countries:

Arnoldussen, Stijn; Fokkens, H.

doi:10.2307/j.ctt1cfr8w0.6

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Whereas the above‐modelled relations between required field system sizes assume or imply a correlation between habitation and arable, there is solid footing for the spatial overlap (or integration) of habitation within Celtic field systems from the Early Iron Age onwards. At Hijken (Arnoldussen & de Vries, 2014), Peelo (Kooi & de Langen, 1987) and Westeinde (Arnoldussen & de Vries, 2017), Early Iron Age houses were excavated within Celtic field systems. For the Middle and Late Iron Age, Sellingen (van Giffen, 1939, 90), Vaassen (Brongers, 1976, 40–55), Wekerom (Arnoldussen & Scheele, 2014) and Hijken (Arnoldussen & de Vries, 2014) have similarly yielded house plans within the Celtic field confines (Figure 6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on settlements, funerary sites and object depositions recovered, it is clear that various and geologically distinct regions within the present‐day Netherlands were inhabited between 2000 BCE and 50 BCE (the Bronze and Iron Age periods; e.g. Arnoldussen & Fokkens, 2008; Harsema, 2005; Schinkel, 2005). Despite this, archaeologists have struggled to use this data for reliable reconstructions of land use and palaeodemography (cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field systems and later prehistoric land use: New insights into land use detectability and palaeodemography in the Netherlands through LiDAR, automatic detection and traditional field data

Arnoldussen

Vaart

Kaptijn

et al. 2022

Archaeological Prospection

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This paper discusses how the use of AI (artificial intelligence) detected later prehistoric field systems provides a more reliable base for reconstructing palaeodemographic trends, using the Netherlands as a case study. Despite its long tradition of settlement excavations, models that could be used to reconstruct (changes in) prehistoric land use have been few and often relied on (insufficiently mapped) nodal data points such as settlements and barrows. We argue that prehistoric field systems of field plots beset on all sides by earthen banks—known as Celtic fields—are a more suitable (i.e. less nodal) proxy for reconstructing later prehistoric land use.For four 32.25 km2 case study areas in different geogenetic regions of the Netherlands, prehistoric land use surface areas are modelled based on conventional methods and the results are compared to the results we obtained by using AI‐assisted detection of prehistoric field systems. The nationally available LiDAR data were used for automated detection. Geotiff DTM images were fed into an object detection algorithm (based on the YOLOv4 framework and trained with known Dutch sites), and resultant geospatial vectors were imported into GIS.Our analysis shows that AI‐assisted detection of prehistoric embanked field systems on average leads to a factor 1.84 increase in known surface areas of Celtic fields. Modelling the numbers of occupants from this spatial coverage, yields population sizes of 37–135 persons for the case study regions (i.e. 1.15 to 4.19 p/km2). This range aligns well with previous estimates and offers a more robust and representative proxy for palaeodemographic reconstructions. Variations in land use coverage between the regions could be explained by differences in present‐day land use and research intensity. Particularly the regionally different extent of forestlands and heathlands (ideal for the (a) preservation and (b) automated LiDAR detection of embanked field systems) explains minor variations between the four case study regions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field systems and later prehistoric land use: New insights into land use detectability and palaeodemography in the Netherlands through LiDAR, automatic detection and traditional field data

Arnoldussen

Vaart

Kaptijn

et al. 2022

Archaeological Prospection

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“…Van Amerongen 2016: 167). This pattern holds at a wider scale too: with over 60 Bronze Age settlements excavated (Arnoldussen and Fokkens 2008), and with the Bronze Age economy of true mixed-farming (interdependent livestock rearing and crop-cultivation; Louwe Kooijmans 1993: 104) being well-studied (Clason 1999;Brinkkemper and van Wijngaarden-Bakker 2005; Van Amerongen 2016), the scarcity of information on fields proper may testify to their original fluid or ephemeral definition in the past, but is also affected by heritage management decisions in which settlement cores rather than peripheries (where fields may be expected) are favoured.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 96%

Formation, Use and Chronology of Celtic Fields: New Perspectives from the Groningen Celtic Field Research Programme

Arnoldussen

2021

Themes in Contemporary Archaeology

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Targeted excavations of Dutch Celtic fields (Dutch: raatakkers) have yielded much-needed data on the ways in which Celtic fields developed and were used over time. This type of later prehistoric field system is common to gently undulating upland landscapes consisting of Saalian and Weichselian deposits, which were frequently affected by podzolisation. As direct dating of the use-period of Celtic fields is difficult, the Groningen Celtic field research programme employs combined archaeological, AMS-and OSL-dating of bank sediments. Using such dates, use-histories starting in the Middle Bronze Age and lasting well into the Roman era could be shown. Detailed palaeo-botanical analyses of bank sediments suggest that soil and plants from wetland parts were taken to settlements to be used as byre-bedding, after which they were enriched with household refuse (sherds, ash, charcoal) and carted-off to the fields to be used as manure. The locations of such settlements remain difficult to establish, as the chronological relations between settlement features and locations of banks are often unclear. Moreover, despite the fact that botanical macro-remains and pollen inform us on the types of crops cultivated, details of (changes in) the agricultural cycles still escape us.

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“…De sites liggen in gebieden met grondwatertrap VI en VII, 22 1. Theunissen 1999, 192-197;Hermsen 2003, 16;Arnoldussen 2008, 193-195. 2.…”

Section: Conclusieunclassified

Een archeologisch perspectief op de evolutie van de houtbouw in de Antwerpse Kempen

Heirbaut¹,

Tys²,

Vandenbussche³

et al. 2022

Syntar

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IX uitvoerig en goed (gestructureerd) zijn beschreven. Twee belangrijke punten daarbij zijn het vermelden van de diepte van de palen, en het consequent nemen van metingen tot het midden van de paalkuil, niet de rand.Verder bleken de dateringen een groot probleem. Voor de bronstijd tot Romeinse tijd werd slechts de helft van de plattegronden gedateerd door middel van 14 C. Veel van deze dateringen bleken bovendien residueel of intrusief te zijn. Datering enkel door middel van aardewerk levert meestal een datering op die enkele honderden jaren, zonder verdere mogelijkheden tot vernauwing. Hierdoor was het moeilijk om een chronologie op te stellen. 14 C biedt echter nog steeds de meest efficiënte oplossing voor dit probleem. Hierbij gaat het niet alleen om het uitvoeren van meerdere dateringen per plattegrond, maar vooral om slimmer dateren. Wanneer de monsters zorgvuldig gekozen worden, rekening houdend met de vraagstelling en de locatie/tafonomie, kunnen koolstofdateringen beter geïnterpreteerd worden en meer informatie opleveren.Om bepaalde vragen rond huisplattegronden op te lossen is het nodig om in de toekomst meer wetenschappelijke onderzoeksmethodes te gebruiken. Zo rest er nog steeds de vraag of er effectief vee gehouden werd in de "woonstalhuizen" uit de metaaltijden. Hierop kunnen wetenschappelijke analyses van bodemmonsters mogelijk een antwoord geven. In Nederland werden zowel fosfaatanalyse als arthropodenonderzoek hiervoor al toegepast, maar in Vlaanderen blijven deze methodes voorlopig onbenut.

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Bronze Age settlements in the Low Countries:

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Field systems and later prehistoric land use: New insights into land use detectability and palaeodemography in the Netherlands through LiDAR, automatic detection and traditional field data

Field systems and later prehistoric land use: New insights into land use detectability and palaeodemography in the Netherlands through LiDAR, automatic detection and traditional field data

Formation, Use and Chronology of Celtic Fields: New Perspectives from the Groningen Celtic Field Research Programme

Een archeologisch perspectief op de evolutie van de houtbouw in de Antwerpse Kempen

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