Browridge structure and function in extant primates and Neanderthals

Oyen, Ordean J.; Rice, Robert W.; Cannon, M. Samuel

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330510111

Cited by 33 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Histology also provides insights into the dynamics of bone growth and remodeling over the course of human ontogeny and evolution (e.g. Martin and Armelagos, 1979;Oyen et al, 1979;Abbott et al, 1996;Gosman and Ketcham, 2009). Furthermore, it allows for the development of standards for comparison with other nonhuman primates (e.g.…”

Section: Ontogeny Phylogeny and The Skeletal Response To Biomechanimentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleohistology and the study of human remains: past, present and future approaches

Assis

Santos

Keenleyside

2016

rev arg antrop biol

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The invention of the microscope revolutionized the course of human knowledge. This instrument changed the face of science and of previous beliefs, expanded the horizons of knowledge, and challenged philosophical and scientific thought, especially in the field of natural sciences and medicine. In the domain of bioarchaeology, the introduction of histological techniques was important; not only to identify body tissues and to diagnose diseases in mummified remains, KeywoRdS microscopy; dry bone remains; multiple approaches but also to understand bone and teeth microstructure, and associated patterns of response to environmental constraints. In this paper a critical review of the major contributions of histology to the growing body of knowledge in paleopathology and bioarchaeology will be presented, focusing on the current multiple applications of microscopy, its limitations, and its future challenges. Rev Arg Antrop Biol 18(2), 2016. doi:10.17139/raab.2016.0018.02.02 PAlABRAS ClAve microscopía, restos humanos, múltiples enfoquesReSUMeN La invención del microscopio ha revolucionado el curso del conocimiento humano. Este instrumento cambió la "cara" de la ciencia y de las creencias anteriores, amplió los horizontes del conocimiento y retó al pensamiento filosófico y científico, especialmente en el campo de las ciencias naturales y la medicina. En el dominio de la bioarqueología, la introducción de técnicas histológicas fue determinante, no sólo para identificar los tejidos del cuerpo y diagnosticar enfermedades en restos momificados, sino también para comprender la microestructura y dinámica de los huesos y los dientes, y los patrones asociados de respuesta a las restricciones ambientales. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión crítica de las principales contribuciones de la histología al creciente cuerpo de conocimientos de la paleopatología y la bioarqueología, con énfasis en las actuales aplicaciones de la microscopía, sus limitaciones y los desafíos para el futuro.

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Section: Ontogeny Phylogeny and The Skeletal Response To Biomechanimentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleohistology and the study of human remains: past, present and future approaches

Assis

Santos

Keenleyside

2016

rev arg antrop biol

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“…Previous investigations indicated con trasting developmental sequences in the hominid VP and the nonhuman primate areolar brow surfaces. I n baboon and macaque skulls the fine cancellous surface is found on many immature individuals, ranging in de velopmental age from deciduous dentition to nearly mature, with other immature spec imens of different ages showing a smooth brow surface [Oyen et al, 1979a;1979b; . This indicates that the areolar brow surface alternates with periods of smooth surface during the development of the indi vidual.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surface structure indistin guishable from the VP of the fossils may also be observed as a variable feature in modern human populations [Tappen, 1978[Tappen, , 1983, although usually with considerably less sur face relief and in lower frequencies than in the fossils. Recently, Oyen et al [1979aOyen et al [ , 1981 have reported an areolar configuration which appears intermittently on the brow surfaces of immature individuals of some nonhuman primate species, identifying this as 'fine cancellous bone', and elsewhere [Oyen et al, 1979b] as 'woven bone'. They have equated this with the fossil hominid VP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have equated this with the fossil hominid VP. Oyen et al [1979a] have presented scan ning electron micrographs showing the sur face appearance of this bone in immature macaque, baboon and chimpanzee supraorbitals, along with light microscope histologi cal sections cut through brow surfaces in these primates. The latter show clearly that the surface bone is areolar in structure and nonlamellar near the surface, resembling fe tal bone and early bony fracture callus [Prit chard, 1972].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In characterizing fossil hominid vermiculate brow surfaces as 'fine cancellous bone ', Oyen et al [1979a] understandably did not present photomicrographs of cross-sections from the fossils. However, neither did they present any microscopic sections showing that the modern human VP is composed of fine cancellous bone, even though such sec tions through the bone would constitute the evidence for its internal histological struc ture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microscopic Investigations of Areolar Brow Structure in Nonhuman Primates and of Vermiculate Brow Structure in Hominids

Tappen

1988

IJFP

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The microscopic structure of bone of the brow region was studied in adult human crania showing the vermiculate surface pattern, and in immature nonhuman primates with an areolar surface. Serial sections from different parts of each brow sampled regional comparability. The human brow regions are basically similar, and differ from those of the other primates. The elevations and depressions of vermiculate surfaces are lamellar bone, usually covered by layers featuring Sharpey’s fibers. In contrast, the immature nonhuman primates do not have continuous brow surface layers. Passageways to the interior are closely spaced and separated by irregular projections. These findings indicate that fossil and modern human vermiculate surfaces are not structurally equivalent to areolar brow surfaces observed in some immature nonhuman primates. Reports describing fossil hominid brow regions as composed of ‘fine cancellous bone’ are probably erroneous and give misleading interpretations of their development and function.

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In vivo bone strain patterns in the zygomatic arch of macaques and the significance of these patterns for functional interpretations of craniofacial form

Hylander

Johnson

1997

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

181

183

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It has been proposed that the mammalian facial skeleton is optimized for countering or dissipating masticatory stress. As optimized load-bearing structures by definition exhibit maximum strength with a minimum amount of material, this hypothesis predicts that during chewing and biting there should be relatively high and near uniform amounts of strain throughout the facial skeleton. If levels of strain in certain areas of the facial skeleton are relatively low during these behaviors, this indicates that the amount of bone mass in these areas could be significantly reduced without resulting in the danger of structural failure due to repeated masticatory loads. Furthermore, and by definition, this indicates that these areas are not optimized for countering masticatory stress, and instead their overall morphology and concentration of bone mass has most likely been selected or influenced mainly by factors unrelated to the dissipation or countering of chewing and biting forces. An analysis of in vivo bone strain along the lateral aspect of the zygomatic arch of macaques indicates the clear absence of a high and near uniform strain environment throughout its extent. Instead, there is a steep strain gradient along the zygomatic arch, with the highest strains along its anterior portion, intermediate strains along its middle portion, and the lowest strains along its posterior portion. These data, in combination with earlier published data (Hylander et al., 1991), indicate that levels of functional strains during chewing and biting are highly variable from one region of the face to the next, and therefore it is unlikely that all facial bones are especially designed so as to minimize bone tissue and maximize strength for countering masticatory loads. Thus, the functional significance of the morphology of certain facial bones need not necessarily bear any important or special relationship to routine and habitual cyclical mechanical loads associated with chewing or biting. Furthermore, the presence of these steep strain gradients within the facial skeleton suggests that the amount of bone mass in the low-strain areas may be largely determined by factors unrelated to processes frequently referred to as "functional adaptation," or conversely, that the "optimal strain environment" of bone varies enormously throughout the facial skeleton (cf., Rubin et al., 1994). Based solely on anatomical considerations, it is likely that the zygomatic arch is bent in both the parasagittal and transverse planes and twisted about its long axis. Due to constraints on rosette position, the strain data are incapable of determining if one or more of these loading conditions predominate. Instead, the strain data simply provide limited support for the possible presence of all of these loading regimes. Finally, as the masseter muscle is concentrated along the anterior portion of the zygomatic arch and as the arch has fixed ends, the largest shearing forces and the largest bending and twisting moments are located along its anterior portion. This in turn ...

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Browridge structure and function in extant primates and Neanderthals

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

Paleohistology and the study of human remains: past, present and future approaches

Paleohistology and the study of human remains: past, present and future approaches

Microscopic Investigations of Areolar Brow Structure in Nonhuman Primates and of Vermiculate Brow Structure in Hominids

In vivo bone strain patterns in the zygomatic arch of macaques and the significance of these patterns for functional interpretations of craniofacial form

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