“…Lee, Kuo, and Dai (1997) investigated LTC personnel and found that 76.9% of them were nurse aides, responsible for 90% of the tasks related to patient care. This is similar to studies carried out in the West (Atchison, 1998; Cohn, Horgas, & Marsiske, 1992; Lee, Cruise, Cody, Munroe, & Sullivan, 1991). One study indicates that the turnover rate for nurse aides is between 40 and 75% (Caudill & Patrick, 1989; Waxman, Carner, & Berkenstock, 1984).…”